Battle Royal Ralph Ellison Analysis Essay

Fight Royal Ralph Ellison Analysis Essay Rope-a-numbskull is a tricky boxing procedure originally presented by Muhammad Ali against George Foreman in the Heavyweight Championship coordinate hung on October 30, 1974, in Kinsasha, Zaire. The match is most popular as the Rumble in the Jungle in light of the red hot activity among the two extraordinary heavyweight contenders of that period. As told on his official site www.ali.com, Ali was the better specialized contender while Foreman the bruiser pressed an unflinching harder punch. During the first round of the session, Ali scored a few specialized hits however Foreman remained resolute. All through the following three rounds, Ali changed his system, much of the time lying against the ropes, permitting a decided Foreman to debilitate himself by tossing rehashed inadequate punches to Alis defensive arms. Confounding the observers and the appointed authorities, Ali laid on Foreman more than once constraining him to hold up his weight while proceeding to push pin-point blows. By cycle five, Foreman was depleted while Ali had accepted each open door to land a few decision hits to Foremans face and head when the large warrior let his gatekeeper down. At last, in the eighth round, Foremans punches were excessively useless and Ali took him out. Twenty-two years before the utilization of this procedure by Ali, Ralph Ellison aced a comparative abstract form. Ellisons regal battle is clear when in The Battle Royal the storyteller says, It took me quite a while and much boomeranging of my desires to accomplish an acknowledgment every other person seems to have been brought into the world with: That I am no one yet myself. In any case, first I needed to find that I am an undetectable man (1)! Here, he shares his conviction that African Americans need to fight for an equivalent playing field when Caucasians are conceived in an equivalent field. On the off chance that we gather up the originations of his article Battle Royal and start to look at the references with an eye to the subtext, a to a great extent unrecognized spot for the paper rises inside an increasingly sociological and realist perusing of the African American predicament in the post Emancipation Proclamation time. Christopher Butler (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994) states that 1914 was the start of The Modernist Period in writing where most of generally distributed works originated from a select gathering of transcendently white male journalists. Besides, Allain Lockes The New Negro chronicled the how and why a renaissance of dark workmanship was setting up itself in Harlem. To put it plainly, the 1920s and 1930s were uncommon years in American culture. Two men key in making ready for the forward leap for dark scholars during the Harlem Renaissance were Langston Hughes and Richard Wright. The book Ralph Ellison: A Biography by Arnold Rampersad portrays how Elli son needed to be Renaissance Man at an early age which discloses his transition to Harlem after leaving Tuskegee Institute without a degree. His objective was to turn into an extraordinary performer. After a few unspecialized temp jobs, he met Richard Wright who saw Ellisons composing ability. Robert G. OMeally expresses that the two creators (Hughes and Wright) urged Ellison to seek after a profession in fiction, and it would be in this medium that Ellisons gifts would arrive at fulfillment. In Battle Royal, Ellison gives us how significant his own life and the setting of the period had been in making a work of fiction that talks not exclusively to African Americans feeling of respect yet to the human condition and wanted uniformity all things considered. Ralph Ellison composed Battle Royal during a period of concentrated American social agitation. The primary character in article Battle Royal is an informed understudy who has as of late graduated and is to convey a discourse before a horde of conspicuous white men They were all there-brokers, legal counselors, judges, specialists, fire boss, instructors, traders. Indeed, even one of the more in vogue ministers (6). The range spoke to by the white men is an image that each occupation of ensuring and serving our general public presents a fight for African Americans. Ellison likewise uncovers to the peruser how the white men depict the dark guys as a methods for severe diversion. This is an out of control situation fight t hat includes ten warriors fixed in spirit struggle with the end goal of monetary profit. Subsequently, the blacks are vieing for the cash of the whites who wont offer any of the common freedoms that an equivalent race merits. Putting the storyteller in the battle permits him to be generalized and disregarded which includes a first individual record of this story. The storytellers unwavering determination to convey his discourse is the focal topic of the paper. The sub-printed accentuation of the dark keeps an eye on quietude clarifies why Ellison firmly followed the strides of Washington for a period. Ellison even makes an immediate reference to Booker T. Washington and the title of his novel Invisible Man in the story when, after he focuses on the significance of the storytellers discourse, he writes In those pre-imperceptible days I pictured myself as a potential Booker T Washington (5). Modesty and the significance of social obligation are the two destinations in spite of the dou ble idea of the granddads revile. In any case, the storytellers dream including his granddad demonstrates that the genuine worth of the revile has nothing to do with its words. Truth be told, concerning the estimation of keep up the great battle (3) as said by the perishing granddad, the storyteller in the last line of the exposition First I needed to complete school.) (107) Social clash and change on account of the disappointment of the African American had become typical particularly, during the late nineteenth and mid twentieth century. Debasing titles increased all inclusive acknowledgment, for example, kid, nigger, coon, and Negro before the social equality development. The Black people group fundamentally had two significant activists held influence over them during this period, and both had enunciated differentiating doctrines for the achievement and social advancement of the dark race in America when whites kept on overwhelming and isolate the African Americans through obsolete granddad provisions and lawful boundaries as expressed by Henry Louis Gates, Jr. The two thoughts were that blacks could either prevail by acknowledgment of their social station and be seen as helpful with the white society, or battle their abuse through activism. Dudley Randalls sonnet: Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois It appears to me, said Booker T., It shows a forceful part of cheek To examine science and Greek At the point when Mister Charlie needs a hand To digger the cotton on his property, Also, when Miss Ann searches for a cook, Why stick your nose inside a book? I dont concur, said W.E.B. In the event that I ought to have the drive to look for Information on science or Greek, Sick do it. Charles and Miss can look Somewhere else for hand or cook, A few men cheer in expertise of hand, Also, some in developing area, Be that as it may, there are other people who keep up The option to develop the mind. It appears to me, said Booker T., That all you parents have missed the vessel Who yell about the option to cast a ballot, Also, spend vain days and restless evenings In commotion over social equality. Simply keep your mouths shut, don't grouse, In any case, work, and spare, and purchase a house. I dont concur, said W.E.B. For what would property be able to benefit On the off chance that respect and equity come up short? Except if you help to make the laws, Theyll take your home with exaggerated provision. A ropes as close, a fire as hot, Regardless of how much money youve got. Talk delicate, and attempt your little arrangement, In any case, with respect to me, Ill take care of business. It appears to me, said Booker T. I dont concur, Said W.E.B. This sonnet precisely depicts the difference in approaches of the two men to the headway of individuals of color after reproduction. Quick sending to 2011, on the off chance that we gather up the originations of this article I am composing and start to inspect the references with an eye to the subtext, a to a great extent unrecognized spot rises inside an increasingly sociological and realist perusing of the current African American situation. Without precedent for the celebrated and fraudulent history of The United States of America, we have an African American President. The grass-roots money related record breaking effort of Barack Obama in 2007 set another bar for permitting anybody and everybody intrigued to engage in having a voice in making American social history. As Lee Corso says, one moment my companion. The specific embarrassing face depicted in Conflict Royal is being locked in today by President Obama. Certain extremist individuals (many being white) are scrutinizing the very authenticity of the pioneer of the free world. Masking bigotry by testing your introduction to the world endorsement, religion , companions, family, and training doesnt make the activities (that no other American President has ever confronted) any not as much as what they are㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦degrading. There is no happiness in tolerating fractional equity. On the off chance that Dr. Martin Luther King was seeing the obvious character punches being tossed at Barack Obama today, he would advise him to continue on with the goal that one day he will be decided by the substance of his character and not by the shade of his skin. Presently, I see why Ralph Ellison was not sold on the principal new familiarity with the alleged innovation creators opening the entryway of resilience in America as wide as they respected. Without a doubt, Ellisons straightforward genuine fiction about blacks included another measurement, another voice, maybe, to present day American composition.

Balancing Identity and Privacy - Growing risks and concerns about Essay

Adjusting Identity and Privacy - Growing dangers and worries about informal organizations. Report - Essay Example Be that as it may, characteristic in such change is the basic need to focus for security of the personality. The period of nondescript business exchanges has went with itself the need to take genuine glance at the personality of an individual. Personality has become a database section which would now be able to be separated from any physical acknowledgment. It very well may be purchased and sold like an item and is dependent upon robbery and broad abuse. This report will investigate the repercussions of far reaching internet based life on business and society all in all. Blogging and Tweeting are terms utilized in the realm of web based life and they additionally turning out to be standard to business jargon. Be that as it may, such terms are tip of the online life ice sheet. Organizations like Twitter, Facebook, YouTube and LinkedIn are presently changing the principles of how organizations are getting along business. In 21st century internet based life is changing the workplace of the organization. The representatives and businesses are currently rehearsing greater adaptability alongside the capacity to react to such conditions rapidly. For some organizations internet based life is a shelter which can be utilized to contact huge objective clients in a practical manner. Be that as it may, they are likewise investigating the hazard included like burglary, digital tormenting, misrepresentation, maligning and attack of protection. Many accept that online life has a corporate worth and is basic to the accomplishment of promoting endeavors. Numerous seni or administrators accept that there are numerous potential dangers which are included while utilizing internet based life. As indicated by them the essential dangers incorporate exposure of exclusive data, obsolete data, recognizable data and misrepresentation (Jagatic, Johnson, Jakobsson and Menczer, 2007, pp. 94-100). The nearness of Social Media has changed the manner in which individuals impart and connect with one another. Be that as it may, the universe of internet based life has made an entirely different universe of security, protection, licensed innovation, business rehearses and legitimate dangers. Security hazard alludes to the procedure

Thanksgiving Holiday Schedule and Post Roundup COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Thanksgiving Holiday Schedule and Post Roundup COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog In observance of the U.S. Thanksgiving holiday, the Office of Admissions and Financial Aid will be closed starting tomorrow, November 21, at 2pm ET, and will be closed Thursday and Friday. Well reopen as usual on Monday, November 26. While were out, well leave you with some resources to help you out with your application. Heres a roundup of the most popular blog posts from the last few days: How NOT to write your personal statement   The essay topics will change but the advice wont. Advice highlight: There’s nothing that upsets people more than when someone asks a question they could’ve easily found the answer to with a 30-second Google search. Heres a few Dos and Donts on Your SIPA Application   Some good overall pointers as you go along preparing for applications. Advice highlight: We understand that most applicants are also applying to other graduate programs in addition to SIPA, however, it is important applicants are diligent and address their essay to the correct school. The last thing that you want to happen is to submit a very generic essay and then address it to the wrong school. Whats in an App: admissions video essay   Remember, the video essay will be available to you after you finish the rest of the application and pay the application fee.  Advice highlight: This isn’t the be-all-end-all deciding factor for your admissions decision. This component provides the Admissions Committee a sense of who you are in person as well as your thought process and how you respond to questions. Preparation for grad school app Past student (and now alum!) Nancy Leeds shares advice she wished shed received when going through the process that youre going through now. Advice highlight: Visit the campus.  Trying to distinguish between schools from their websites and viewbooks is kind of like online dating you won’t get a real feel for them until you meet them in person. We hope you all have a chance to share a meal with your loved ones this week, be it family or friends. Happy Thanksgiving!

Leadership Styles Of Conrad Hilton - 1617 Words

Leadership Comparison For my leadership comparison I selected Conrad Hilton of Hilton Worldwide. Since being founded in 1919, Hilton Worldwide has been a leader in the hospitality industry. Today, Hilton Worldwide remains a beacon of innovation, quality, and success. Leadership Characteristics Knowledge Gained from Research Knowledge Gained from Class How I plan to apply this Knowledge Integrity Hilton Worldwide prides themselves on doing things right the first time. I plan to uphold integrity in every business deal that I take part in. By being a leader that believes in integrity I feel that it would in turn rub off on other around me. Determination Hilton’s business faced troubles at first, incurring losses and running into debt. But with determination, he trusted on his ability, started over again and bought his first hotel outside Texas in San Francisco. He then set a goal to build a hotel every year. I plan to be deterred regardless of any issues or obstacles that may get in my way. Passion Hilton hired capable managers and allowed them to make important decisions regarding hotel policies. He also encourages and supports his staff to achieve the goals of the hotel, which is to give excellent service for the guests staying in the hotel. Many hotels are dedicated to sustainable and environmentally responsible practices. Employees who share this passion, then, are motivated by the knowledge that they are part of these efforts. I plan to come to work every day notShow MoreRelatedEssay on Leadership used by Conrad Hilton3135 Words   |  13 PagesCourse Date Leadership Styles Used by Conrad Hilton Conrad Nicholson Hilton was an American hotelier and founder of the Hilton Hotel chain (Alef 2009). Hilton was born on 25th December 1887 in the city of San Antonio, New Mexico Territory. His father, Augustus Halvorsen Hilton, was an immigrant from Norway and his mother, Mary Genevieve, was an American of German descent and a devout catholic. He had eight siblings; Eva Hilton, Felice Hilton, Carl Hilton, Rosemary Hilton, Helen Hilton, Julian HiltonRead MoreLife At The Hilton Daytona Beach Oceanfront Resort1603 Words   |  7 PagesHilton World Wide When I started at the Hilton Daytona Beach Oceanfront Resort, I didn’t really know what to expect. One of my best friends, James, worked in the banquet department for as long as I could remember, and he helped me get a job. This was my first real job that I ended up staying at for a long time. At first, just like anybody seeking a job, I was curious, but worried at the same time, so I asked James for his perspective on the job because I was just nervous I wouldn’t fit in, or IRead MoreThe Leadership Skills Of A Company s Strategic Position And Make The Trade Offs793 Words   |  4 PagesGriffin (1999) describes management as a set of activities directed at an organization’s resources human, financial, physical, and information with the aim of achieving organizational goals in an efficient and effective manner. Leaders must use their leadership skills to embed strategy in the organization: choose an excellent team, pick the right roles, and let the rest of the t eam make the strategic moves. The logic is that if you begin with the right people, you can more easily adapt to a fast-changingRead MoreMcdonald International Marriott International Hotels2960 Words   |  12 Pagestwo different hotel companies. The first brand will be Marriot and the Second will be Hilton. Both brands have several hotels under their corporate umbrella and both brands have an array of different options at different price points. I will compare the hotels in a table form though out the paper to make it easier to see the comparisons as they line up next to each other. CATERGORIES Marriott International Hilton WorldWide Brief History - Opened in 1927 J.Willard Marriott opened a rootbeer stand whichRead MoreHilton Case Study Essay5670 Words   |  23 PagesHILTON WORLDWIDE Prepared for Professor Issam A. Ghazzawi Prepared by BUS 551: Seminar in Organization Theory Behavior October 11, 2010 CONTENTS PAGE Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Organizational Background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Organizational Structure and Design†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Hilton’s Culture and Ethics†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 Organizational Environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..10 Hilton Hotel manages its workforce diversity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreMultinational Organization: Effective Organizational Leadership3286 Words   |  14 Pageshigh importance to understand the relation between leadership styles, organizational cultures and the performance of the Chinese employee. Effective organizational leadership is the key to success for any multinational organization. According to House Adita, 1997, One of the biggest challenges for these multinational organizations is the cultural diversity present in these multinational organizations and their leadership styles. Even though Conrad Beijing is located in Mainland China it is workingRead MoreEssay about Diversity at Marriott and Hyatt2359 Words   |  10 Pagesof all individuals† (Webster, 1999) regardless of age, career experience, color, communication style, culture, disability, educational level or background, employee status, ethnicity, family status, function, gender, language, management style, marital status, national origin, organizational level, parental status, physical appearance, race, regional origin, religion, sexual orientation, thinking style, speed of learning and comprehension, etc. Diversity is important to the success of any businessRead MoreThe Theory Of Management Theory And Practice2180 Words   |  9 PagesConrad Hilton Sr. once said â€Å"Success seems to be connected with action. Successful people keep moving. They make mistakes but they don’t quit† (Our Hospitality Leaders, 2013). Conrad Hilton attributes his success in business to his manag ement philosophy of treating people fairly. Conrad was a people-oriented person, hiring and empowering his managers to make important decisions for the hotel. He encouraged and supported his employees to provide excellent service for the travelers and customersRead MoreHilton Hotels Case Analysis Essay2223 Words   |  9 Pagesthe key marketing issue for the Hilton Hotels. The marketing strategies Hilton should pursue in the hotel and gaming markets will be discussed and recommendations will be made. In addition, the use and implementation of the SWOT analysis will be incorporated throughout the discussion. Information will be provided from the case study and the use of secondary resources for support of the marketing strategies recommended for the Hilton Hotels. Market Summary Hilton Hotels is one of the market leadersRead MoreOnline Integrated Marketing Communication Hilton6722 Words   |  27 Pages| MirayYoldaÅŸ2009435046Tourism Management | | Name:Surname:Students No.:Department: | Gà ¶khanYavuzsoy2009432075Business | Name:Surname:Students No.:Department: | AnnaBaumann1012435082Tourism | | | CONTENTS 1 - INTRODUCTION 2 1.1 - HILTON : â€Å"A HISTORY OF FIRTS† 2 Vision 3 Mission 3 Company Values 3 2 - MARKET SEGMENTATION amp; TARGET MARKET 4 3 - INTEGRATED COMMUNUCATION CAMPAIGN 8 3.1- ONLINE ADDS 8 3.1.1 - DISPLAY/ BANNER ADDS 8 3.1.2 - MAP ADD 9 3.1.3 - RICH MEDIA

My Experience At The Physical Education Classroom - 839 Words

Look at that freak with those colorful socks was a phrase I heard quite often during my middle school years. When I was a child, my mother gave me a green and red striped fluffy socks with a frog in the front. These socks meant the world to me. My mother would wash them every day and hang them outside to dry, ready for the next day. With these socks, I felt a certain protection from all the bullies that were in my middle school, so I celebrated. Until one day, a mean looking girl by the name of Leslie transferred to my school. Not to mention, everybody would clear the halls shortly as they would even visually perceive her reflection come their way; nobody was inclined to even show her where the physical education classroom was located. But on the other hand, I felt that perhaps if I showed her around school I would not only have one bully on my side to buttress me from the rest of the kids, but I additionally had someone that I liked in my physical education class. Without giving it a second thought I approached the mean looking girl. To my surprise, she was not the least bit as mean as people portrayed her to be. Leslie and I became good friends. Indeed, we authentically shared many things in common, like the fact that her father had passed away just like mine. After speaking for some time I shared with her that losing my father was one of the most arduous things I had ever experienced. Furthermore, I had never got to talk about it with anybody because every time I wouldShow MoreRelatedTeaching And Learning Department Of Teaching1595 Words   |  7 PagesI am currently enrolled as a teacher candidate within Southeastern Louisiana University’s College of Education and Human Development under the Department of Teaching and Learning. The department is continuously giving its teacher candidates the opportunity to display all of the knowledge, skills, and dispositions needed to become a truly effective educator in the first through fifth grade classroom setting. The Teaching and Learning Department encourages its teacher candidates to strive for excellenceRead MoreEssay on My Personal Philosophy of Education1328 Words   |  6 Pages My Personal Philosophy of Education One’s philosophy might contain views and values of education, methods of teaching, the purpose of a good education and why one uses certain curriculum. I feel that these four aspects are most important to me in my personal philosophy and will be in my classroom one day. I believe that the overall purpose of education is not only to teach students certain skills, but also to teach them to be their own person and individual thinkersRead MoreEssay Creating a Thriving Learning Environment931 Words   |  4 PagesCreating a learning environment that maximises learning and teaching in any classroom can be a task in itself, let alone creating a successful learning environment within an inclusive education setting. There are however numerous ways to do this with both advantages and difficulties in implementing such a curriculum; it seems an overwhelming experience, especially as a new teacher. Foreman (2008) likens the classroom environment to an ecosystem to which there are four interconnecting dynamics; teacherRead MorePrinciples, Policies Frameworks of Inclusive Schooling Essay1176 Words   |  5 PagesBriefly discuss how you believe policies and legislation related to Inclusive Education could influence attitudes towards the way society accepts difference. In recent times I believe there has been a heightened awareness regarding the necessity to develop Inclusive Classrooms that celebrate difference and cater for a diverse range of learning styles and needs. My belief is reflected in the increasing amount of policies and legislation being developed at both state and Commonwealth levels. TheseRead MoreEducation For Students With Disabilities803 Words   |  4 Pageslearn with â€Å"typical† children, educators continue to learn how to include these students in their classroom. There are challenges and benefits that continue to emerge for educators, children with disabilities, and their non-disabled peers. However, the educational system would agree that education for students with disabilities has improved greatly. Students with disabilities in inclusive classrooms have shown an increasing number of academic gains in a number of areas, including better test scoresRead MoreIt s Important For Educator For Foster Diversity Education And Create Inclusive Classroom1139 Words   |  5 PagesVenassa Simpson October 27, 2015 It’s important for educator to foster diversity education and create inclusive classroom that honor the multiplicity of identities and knowledge different students bring into classroom. Students and faculty in schools today are becoming increasingly diverse in their backgrounds and experiences, reflecting the diversity observed in our broader society. The center for teaching is committed to supporting diversity mostly as it meets with the wide range of teachingRead MoreClassroom Observation and Teacher Interview1428 Words   |  6 PagesClassroom Observation and Teacher Interview Leslee Reaves EDU/305CA-Child Development September 26, 2012 Greg Frates Introduction My classroom observation took place at Golden Hills Elementary School in Derek Devine’s classroom. I observed his class for a little over six hours. Mr. Devine’s class is a special education class that consisted of fourth and fifth graders. There were 14 students and a teacher’s aide. Mr. Devine seemed to be in tune with the needs of his students. Interview QuestionsRead MoreMeeting the Diverse Needs of all Students: Teaching and Learning Strategies that I Plan to Use as a New Teacher1247 Words   |  5 PagesI believe that as a teacher there will be two initial steps that I will need take in order for me to successfully offer students in my classroom an education that is accessible to all. First I will need to acknowledge that all students’ are unique individuals and that their emotional, educational, social and physical needs are diverse and will require differentiated approaches. Secondly, I need to have an attitude that values diversity and know that all students will have talents, abilities and theRead MoreCreating A Physical Environment Of Classroom1114 Words   |  5 Pagesfaculty in schools today are becoming increasingly diverse in their backgrounds and experiences, reflecting the diversity observed in our broader society. The center for teaching is committed to supporting diversity mostly as it intersects w ith the wide range of teaching and learning. There are no specific rules for responding to ethnic, gender, and cultural diversity in the classroom. Furthermore, making your classroom inviting and comfortable to help with ideas and resources will benefit student successRead MoreTeaching Diversity And Equitable Classrooms Versus Teacher Activism Essay1155 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween teaching diversity and equitable classrooms versus teacher activism. In this paper, I will be reflecting upon my experiences teaching, learning and unlearning as a teacher candidate. Throughout this course, I learned that educators should engage in critical social action, and these actions can come in many different forms. The school is a place where students can share experiences and knowledge differences. Educators can start by create a classroom environment where these conversations can

Economic Crisis Management in Hospitality and Tourism Industry Free Essays

string(145) " risk exceeds a certain tolerance value, the consumer tried to reduce this risk using reductions techniques product than for a material product\." INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY OXFORD BROOKES UNIVERSITY, GURGAON Issues in International Hospitality and Tourism Management U 54082 Module leader: Ms. Bandana Rai Submission: ECONOMIC CRISIS IN HOSPITALITY TOURISM INDUSTRY Submitted by: Pavitra Mehrotra Student Id: 010109029 Abstract In the recent scenario, hospitality and tourism sector has become an important part of daily life but which is now experiencing multiple challenges because of the global economic crisis. Besides tourism, many other industries are in a position to create affluence and economic development opportunities, which also considered difficult to develop. We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Crisis Management in Hospitality and Tourism Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now After a significant reduction in 2009, tourism industry boomed strongly in 2010 and 2011 the international tourist arrivals were predictable to increase considerably. As tourism is a steadily growing sector, and a more globally connected, which is already indulged with a maximum population, so in such environment it is often considered different to think about Crisis Management. Related essay: Relationship Between Hospitality and Tourism Accompanying material: Advertising in Tourism Industry But this thing is often neglected and also mostly considered a task to be only thought upon when Crisis actually takes place. Purpose This research study is done to know how financial crisis occurs in tourism industry and how it can be overcome. So this research article named Economic Crisis in Hospitality and Tourism Industry will tell about the impact of economic crisis on this industry and the recommendation to overcome it. Methodology It was an attempt to determine the impact of Economic Crisis in Hospitality Industry, and its main objectives were: * To investigate negative effects of economic crisis in this industry. To investigate the possibilities and importance of preventive crisis management within corporate framework. * To recognize the importance of crisis planning and organizational measures. Keywords: hospitality, tourism, crisis, economic uncertainty, growth, and tourism market Paper Type: Research Paper Introduction The word â€Å"crisis† is derived from the Gre ek word â€Å"krisis†, which means differentiation. (Dirk, 2003). In legal terms, crisis was used to describe the differentiation i. e. eparation between actual and proposed situation. National economics was the first to use crisis for its operations. Their business administration started to look into the matter when the conditions were getting worse due to shortage of crude oil in 1970s. The company was unable to solve this oil shortage due to lack of situation management, so this laid the consequence of coping with crisis. Crisis Management, the term usually refers to change of tasks and procedures done when a crisis materialize. Different types of crisis management and correlating activities are categorized in regards to the process and differentiation between different phases. Crisis Management as a system refers to the group of people who are responsible for crisis management activities. Mainly middle and lower level employees and the external factors join with the upper management as essential part of crisis. Although crisis management has abided through various attempts of explanations and theories, but till now none of the standards have been found to overcome it. Crisis management should be implicit as a preparation to avoid uncertain damage or negative effects. Taking the process of crisis management into consideration, the prevention of actually surviving with the crisis is acknowledged. Therefore, both the activities of prevention and struggling should be comprehended to crisis management as should be apprehended as a comprehensive management problem. This part of crisis management is dependable on crisis terminology, both part of regular official planning are also independent from it. Literature Review As quoted by Krystek and Schulten â€Å"Business administration predominantly terms crisis as a process that negatively influences the development of a company to a considerable extent† (Krystek, 1987; Schulten, 1995). According to this the crisis either endangers or makes the survival of the affected company impossible. In words of Burtscher, â€Å"†¦ a company should only be spoken of when the achievements of existential or dominant goals, which are decisive factors in the survival of the entire system, are seriously endangered. † (Burtscher 1996, p. 31). Another group of authors Sonmez, Bachmann and Allen in 1994 defined tourism crises in even more concrete terms as â€Å"†¦ any occurrence which can threaten the normal operations and conduct of tourism destination’s overall reputation for safety, attractiveness, and comfort by negatively affecting visitors’ perceptions of the destinations; and, in turn, cause downtown in the local travel and tourism economy, and interrupt the continuity of business operations for the local travel and tourism industry, by the reduction in tourist arrivals and expenditures. (Sonmez et. al. 1994, p. 22). Later after 2 years in 1996, Scheler defines crisis management as: â€Å"†¦. measures of all types which allow a business to cope with a suddenly occurring danger or risk situation in order to return as quickly as possible to normal business routine. † (Scherler, 1996, p. 17). Another author Weinberg and Konert in 1985 argued that ‘†¦subjectivity experienced th rough the product, the service, the contribution made to the consumer’s quality of life†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Weinberg and Konert, 1985, p. 85). Years later Haedrich in 1998, proved that in year 1991, ‘only 40. 6 percent of the companies interviewed were in a position to implement their planned competitive strategies unhindered by social demands. The onset of a negative event will increase this number even further. (Haedrich, 1998). Luhmann also quoted â€Å"†¦that risk assessment and the readiness for risk acceptance is not only a physiological but mainly a social problem. We behave as it is expected by the relevant reference groups or as we-whether in accordance with or against the opinion-are socialized’. Luhmann, 1991, p. 11). According to Romeo ‘if a high degree of object-specific involvement exists, it can be assumed due to the greater load and a strong discrimination effect in comparison to positive stimuli. (Romeo, 1991). Another author Krielkamp described risk as ‘the possible negative consequences of the consumer’s behavior as perceived by the consumer. Seen from this point of v iew, risk during the travel decision is the deviation that can exist between the expected and the final, subjectivity experienced tourism product. If this perceived risk exceeds a certain tolerance value, the consumer tried to reduce this risk using reductions techniques product than for a material product. You read "Economic Crisis Management in Hospitality and Tourism Industry" in category "Essay examples" (Krielkamp, 1998). According to Ritchie and Crouch, it is important for the tourist to know the dangers that exist in a destination in order to adjust their behavior and, secondly, to set these in relation to the usual danger at the location. (Ritchie and Crouch, 1997). Tschiderer’s defines the holiday location product as ‘a bundle of market services, which are made up of constant core part and a derived variable offer’. And the natural offer as a core service of the service bundle, ‘with a few exceptions, is the core of holiday tourism and, therefore, the deciding element of the services’. (Tschiderer’s, 1980) â€Å"ECONOMIC CRISIS IN HOSPITALITY TOURISM INDUSTRY† Tourism has an important impact on economies, societies and cultures of countries. From boosting economic growth to improving the social fabric and material resourcing to improve living conditions, the tourism has started to act upon. It’s obvious that tourism contributes to economic and social process, but the strength of action differs remarkably from region to region depending upon the level of Obviously, tourism contribution to economic and social progress, the strength of its action differs significantly from country to country depending on its level of development and the regimen attended on them. As with the most industries hospitality and tourism sector is also experiencing number of challenges as a result of global economic crisis. The industry is feeling the impact of a reduction capital market and non-mandatory spending by both corporate and individual customers. Tourism has suffered a lot during the global economic crisis; there was a turn down of 4% of international tourist arrivals in 2009, and revenues from international tourism fell by 6% by 2009. Motivations of travel for 2011 have been to traditional tourist destinations (58%), while 28% wanted to discover new destinations. (Global Financial Crisis Bulletin, Protiviti, 2009) Based on existing forecasting, the quarterly increase in hotel RevPAR is not expected until the second the second quarter of 2010. Corporate travel which accounts to 18% of airline revenue has also decreased consecutively as companies all around the world are getting determined to reduce costs. With partial expansion contingencies, many hotels and companies are looking forward to improve the capability of their sales and marketing expenditure and maintaining prevailing brand value so as to gain customer loyalty and market share. According to a new report of UNWTO â€Å"2011 International Tourism Results and Prospects for 2012† during the year 2011 tourist arrivals grew up by about 4% to a total of 980 million. As published in the report, in 2012 the same will continue to grow, at a slow pace most likely very close to one billion tourists. The increase in 2011 was 4. 4% (980 million in the year 2011, compared with 939 million in the year 2010). (Universitatea Danubius Galati, 2012) Tourism development during Global Economic Crisis Tourism industry in the recent decades has proved to be an important element in the economic growth. The increasing number of tourists, tourism business growth, but also being an area that is still a major employer in the labor market motivates positive development of the global Hospitality Tourism sector. The involvement of tourism industry in global GDP is striking 9% with only slightly smaller than the banking sector representing 11%, but higher than the automotive industry that is 8. 8%. This figure is itself very impressing, but taking into consideration the global situation becomes even more valuable. The year 2011 was characterized by a deadlock in the global economy that seems to recover in a series of events leading to political instability in countries in the Middle East and North Africa, and natural disasters, also as in earthquakes in Japan. The global economic crisis of 2008-2009 had a momentous impact on international tourism industry, the most severe so far in the last decades. International tourist arrivals declined by 4% and international tourism receipts by 6%. In 2010, the sector rebounded strongly (international tourist arrivals grew by 7%) demonstrating the resilience of tourism demand. (http://www. unglobalpulse. org/projects/rivaf-research-economic-crisis-tourism -decline-and-its-impact-poor) The Impact of Economic Crisis on Tourism and Hospitality Worldwide: Businesses have reported a declination in sales of lodging, food service; events and other hospitality products and some have closed their doors forever. The declination has resulted not only from smaller number of customers in hotels, restaurants, conference and convention centers, etc. , but also from a momentous decline in the average expenditure per guest (Pizam, 2009) The decline in international tourism in 2009 was felt globally, but specifically affected destinations with a higher dependence on the European and US source markets. All world regions suffered a decline in international tourist arrivals with the exception of Africa. By income level, low-income countries have been less adversely affected by the global crisis and have recovered comparatively faster. Business tourism was more affected than other segments, but available information does not allow for a detailed impact analysis by a segment. Employment in tourism was less impacted and tended to recover quicker than in other economic sectors according to data on employment in hotels and restaurants (the available proxy used in there port to evaluate the impact of the crisis on tourism employment). The recession had caused serious problems for luxury hotels all around the world. However, many hotels in international markets, especially the ones catering to leisure travelers, were not as much of affected. The popularity and growth of the luxury hotel sector in recent years commend that a strong return may not be idealistic (Barsky, 2009). (UNWTO, 2010) More specifically: * Europe ended the year 2009 by 6% declination. Destinations in Central, Eastern and Northern Europe were predominantly poorly affected, as compared to the results in Western, Southern and Mediterranean Europe that were relatively better. Asia and the Pacific (? 2%) showed an unexpected rebound. The second half of 2009 measured a 3% growth, reflecting enhanced regional economic results and scenarios. * In the Americas (? 5%), the Caribbean returned to growth in the last four months of 2009. * The Middle East (? 6%), though far-far better from the growth levels of previous years, had a positive second half in 200 9. * Africa (+5%) was a strong performer, with sub-Saharan destinations doing particularly well business. (Q Finance, 2012) Crisis Handling Strategies The further area of crisis management concerns with the application of basic courses of action for crisis handling. The basic aim of crisis handling strategy is the pressure of the developments of the effects caused by negative consequence of global economic crisis. The forms of a crisis handling strategy can be either of the two i. e. Offensive handling and defensive handling. 1. Offensive handling strategy: The aim of an offensive handling strategy is to timely and systematically implement the measures that eradicate and contains the cause and the effects related to identifying the problem area. To make this handling strategy work the organization must be prepared, intended and independently, to accept all the parts of activities, particularly customers, stakeholders and the state, that something has not worked as anticipated. An essential part of the offensive handling strategy is the attempt to eradicate the causes of the problems. Despite large number of efforts, there will remain always some problem areas for which this is not possible; for example, natural disasters. In such cases, a long-term well thought-out offensive strategy can be used to agree to and capitalize on the event. Dirk, 2003) 2. Defensive handling strategy With a defensive handling strategy, it is taken in consideration without knowing the consequences and knowledge of the circumstances, not to act upon them, but to wait to react in order to bring the situation under control. The aim is to elude the crisis as far as possible and not to strengthen the circumstances with an individual’s action. In practice, the defensive handling strategy can be often observed. This is certainly also affected by the verity that offensive handling strategy and information given come with unknown attention in the preliminary stage. The greater scope with regard to handling and structuring but also the sensibleness of voluntarily talking on social responsibility means that an offensive handling strategy has a lot going for it. If the crisis is understood in such terms, it offers the chance to develop the organization further and ensures the influence in the various spheres of activities. † (Dirk, 2003) Crisis Planning and Organizational measures Planning is defined as a constructive process that defines how the organization’s stakeholders want to see a future process to be developed. Hence planning is the opposite of brain-storming, ad-hoc decisions that are dependent on chance. In the crisis process and implementation process, there are three discrete stages i. e. Generic Planning, Contingency Planning and Preventive Planning (WEU, 1995). 1. Generic Planning- it reclines planning basis for possible crisis situations. The aim is to identify fundamental requirements and potentials. In addition, the ensuring planning stages should be made simple and plans that speed up the process. The questions that are related to organization’s structure as well as to the workflow organization that are much influence and unwavering by it. Generic planning is followed by the predictable investigation of certain crisis synopsis. The basic aim is to work out and evaluate different privileges in order to keep them accessible as tactics of action. This outline of planning is also known as ‘alternative planning’ or emergency planning. 2. Contingency Planning- In brief, contingency planning for predictable events enables the organization to get a boost up start that fundamentally helps the company to be more reliable about their decisions in critical situations like under pressure. The planning process in terms of detailing is limited to economic and human necessities as on the well as within boundaries of imagination. So a lot of attention is required when it concerns with situations for which there is very short reaction time left. 3. Preventive Planning- Whenever a negative is prevailing on an organization, then preventive planning is used. Depending on the need with which the task should be completed, i. e. depending on the speed with which the crisis is increasing, this can only happen through the adaptation of various option plans. The aim of these option plans, which are made up on the outline of preventive planning, is the application and preparation of feasible solutions to the increasing crisis situation. For all planning actions of preventive planning, the findings and result of previous steps and also the contingency planning are used as an initial point of start. Although these rare results of the applied contingency are being used in this application, the use of the least part of the contingency plan considerably shortens the preventive planning process. It is important to think through crisis planning and organizational preparation in good times as it is to be implemented in reality. With its implementation, one of the essential factors for a successful crisis management is met (Mileti and Sorensen, 1987; Reilly, 1987) Conclusion In 2011, world tourism has emerged fully from the crisis, say experts unanimously. Trend of increasing profits and the number of tourists will continue over the next few years, and this year could be even set a new record for number of trips, reports World Travel Monitor Forum. As shown in the statistics world tourism industry activity increases in importance. The main index, tourist arrivals, is increasing, and sales in 2011 of 4. 4% are significant. According to the WTO officials, tourism is very important in emerging economies, tourism affects the entire economy by reducing debt, trade deficit and creating jobs. Besides the critical economic dimension, tourism is very important socially and culturally, favoring communication between different cultures, it can have an influence on mentality and geopolitical developments worldwide. Bibliography * Barsky, J. 2009). Luxury Hotel and Recession: View from around the World. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. lhw. com/download_s/230. pdf. [Accessed 25 October 12] * Burtscher, J. G. (1996). Wertorientiertes Krisenmanagement, Diss. * Dirk Glaesser, 2003. Crisis Management in the Tourism Industry. Edition. Butterworth-Heinemann. * Haedrich, G. (1998a). Kommunikationspolitik. In Tourismus- Management (G. Haedrich et al. , eds) pp. 379-403, de Gruyter. * Krielkamp, E. (1998). Strategisches Planung in Tourismus, In Tourismus- Management (G. Haedrich et al. , eds) pp. 287-324, de Gruyter. Krystek, U. (1987). Unternehmungskrisen. Gabler. * Luhmann, N. (1991). Soziologie des Risikos. de Gruyter. * Pizam, A. (2009). The Global Financial Crisis and Its Impact on the Hospitality Industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28, 301 * Protiviti. 2009. Global Financial Crisis Bulletin. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. protiviti. in/en-US/Documents/Newsletters/Global-Financial-Crisis/FinCrisis_Bulletin061909. pdf. [Accessed 24 October 12]. * Rirchie, B. and Crouch, G. (1997). Quality, price and the tourism experience. In Quality Management in Tourism (AIEST, ed. Vol. 39, pp. 117-39, AIEST. * Romeo, J. (1991). The effect of negative information on the evaluations of brand extensions and the family brand. In Advances in Consumer Research, Proceedings, (R. Holman and M. Solomon, eds) Vol. 18, pp. 399-406. * Scherler, P. (1996). Management der Krisenkommunikation. Helbig Lichtenhahn. * Schulten, M. F. (1995). Die Erlebnis-gesselschaft. Campus Verlag. * Sonmez, S. F. , Backman, S. J. and Allen, L. R. (1994). Managing Tourism Crises. Clemson University. * Tourism and Hotels Industry | Market Analysis and Trends – QFINANCE. 2012. Tourism and Hotels Industry | Market Analysis and Trends – QFINANCE. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. qfinance. com/sector-profiles/tourism-and-hotels. [Accessed 28 October 2012]. * Tschiderer, F. (1980). Ferienortplanung. Paul Haupt Verlag. * Universitatea Danubius Galati. 2012. Acta Universitatis Danubius. A’conomica. [ONLINE] Available at: http://journals. univ-danubius. ro/index. php/oeconomica/article/view/1256. [Accessed 24 October 12]. * Weinberg, P. and Konert, F. -J. (1985). Vom Produkt zur Produktperson-lichkeit. Absatzwirtschaft, 2, 85-97. * World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). 012. World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. unwto. org/media/news/en/press_det. php? id=5361. [Accessed 25 October 2012]. Article Summary-1 Zahed Ghaderi and Ahmad Puad Mat Som (2012). Impacts of Global Economic Crisis on Tourism Business in Penang. South Asian Journal of Tourism and Heritage. 5, pp. 08. Key Point-1 This article tells us about the impac ts of recent economic crisis on tourism business in Penang (Malaysia). Tourism industry is always helpless to various crises and disasters, and its growth has been badly affected due to unpleasant situations. This paper was part of a research which has been conducted in Penang and uses qualitative research methodology. The level of impacts was different for industry and their businesses decreased for a certain period of time. It was found that the recent economic crisis formed many negative impacts for businesses in Penang and various strategies have been applied to lessen the negative effects. The paper also argues that the crisis had consequent effects and created many challenges for tourism industry. Key Point-2 Recent economic and financial crises that affected tourism industry from 2007 through 2010 and further has thrown considerable attention on the role that crisis measures play in tourism. (Hall, 2010). The scope and size of impacts were so severe, that the World Tourism Organization estimated that international tourist arrivals fell by 4% in 2009, and many destinations in the world reported negative growth. As Penang is a mature tourist destination in Malaysia was also affected by recent global economic crises. Attracting many international leisure and business tourists gives threats and opportunities to this destination. Threats because these markets highly depend on global economic situations; and variation in the number of arrivals can create negative impacts for tourism industry. Comment and analysis The above study tells us that tourism industry in Penang was struck by global financial and economic crises. However they were not equal for different hospitality industries in Penang, although they approved that the crisis created many opportunities for their business. It is also important to note that although economic crises affected Penang as a tourist destination. Tourism business in Penang also looked at this crisis as an opportunity for organizational learning and they obtained valuable experiences on how to manage the difficult situations. They also believed that there is an immediate need to develop a tourism crisis management plan that integrates all tourism business in the State as the industry is very delicate to external factors. Article Summary-2 Carmen Babaita, Marilen Pirtea, Andreia Ispas (2010). Professional tourism – before and after economic crisis in the hotel industry from Timisoara, Romania. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics. , pp. 10 Key Point-1 This article demonstrates information on the concept of proficient tourism and its associated terms and how the global economic crisis has affected this valuable segment financially, particularly in tourism industry. The research was conducted in two periods: before and during the economic crisis and targeted 13 hotels of 3 and 4 stars from the hotel market in Timis oara. The study projected a series of related research regarding the tourism and services from the hospitality field, which was in the position of finding new ways to attract and retain business customers. Also according to authors Hotels surveyed in 2009-2010 except for a 4 Star Hotel said they were affected by the financial crisis. Key Point-2 According to the article, the competitive advantages for Romania as tourist destination were unusual destination markets; location in Central-Eastern Europe, the existence of large international hotel chains; knowledge of English by a large part of the young population; upcoming professional specialization of the Romanian companies with the opportunity to become trusted partners for any global organizations, also placed in Romania. Taking into account the addition of the professional travel motivation in the definition of tourism and tourists, there were numerous clashes of opinion, having prevailed the opinion that professional tourism produces the same economic effects at the destination of the traveler or visitor as the recreational tourism; these effects can be: an increasing or a stimulating economic activity, an increased turnover of firms specialized in tourism benefits and an increased revenue from tourism balance. Comment and analysis According to the above study, it can be analyzed that the economic crisis had a major affect on the hotel market activity in Timisoara. The hotel management has always been in a position to find intellectual and resourceful solutions to attract customers, which are scarce and more demanding. Accommodation are still limited, their number is significantly lower to the accessible needs. Starting a project with European funds that include design, site plan of new hotels, even hotel chains, could be the key to improve job prospects, the number of events, business tourists coming to western markets. Article Summary-3 Protiviti: Risk and Business consulting. (2009, June). Impact of the Economic Crises on the hospitality, tourism and leisure industry. Publisher U. S Available from: http://www. protiviti. com/en-US/Documents/Newsletters/Global-Financial-Crisis/FinCrisis_Bulletin061909. pdf [Accessed: 17/09/12. ] Key Point-1 The current article discusses about the analysis of existing conditions faced by the hospitality, travel and leisure industry, along with a review of the significant issues the management should have concentrated as the economic rises continues to run its run as an economic recovery begins. According to the article the financial crises has impacted both domestic and the domestic i. e. U. S market as well international travel market. The occupancy ratio of domestic travelers to international travelers is approximately 4:1 (83 percent v/s 17 percent). In response many hotels have reduced number of guests, which is one of the largest expenses at both the hotel and corporate levels. Key Point-2 With limited expansion opportunities, many hotels and companies are looking to improve the effectiveness opportunities, many hotels and companies are looking to improve the effectiveness of their sales and marketing spend and maintain existing brand value to gain customer loyalty and increase market share. Their strategies include print and online advertising, and marketing directly to national groups that initially have arranged events at their properties. As in other industries, cost management and controls spend have become important areas of focus for owners and operators. Centralizing or outsourcing business processes (e. g. , payroll, accounts payable) is among numerous strategic initiatives hospitality management is undertaking. Comment and analysis Based on the article it can be concluded that companies are using different strategies to maintain themselves during the global economic crises. For firms in hospitality and tourism industry, it is important for management to maintain customer expectations, manage to maintain customer expectations, manage costs, optimize cash flows and working capital, and maintain debt obligations. Additionally, many in the industry are using the current economic crisis as an opportunity to gain market share. Through increased marketing and advertising initiatives, companies are striving to maintain existing customers while also positioning themselves to be top-of-mind for industry consumers once the economy begins to recover. Summary-4 Crises Management in Hospitality Industry: Case of Croatia Cizmar, Sanja: Vlahov, Antonio. An Enterprises Odeyssey. International Conference Proceeings: 1576-15-89, 4, 20. Zagreb: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Economics and Business. (May 26-May 29, 2010) Key Point-1 This article tells us about the 2009 economic on the hospitality in Croatia. It tells that a strategic approach to the crisis management in the hospitality industry both on government and private level sectors. On government level, the article examines the overall process of dealing with the crises as well as pre-crises planning. The research findings tell that the Croatian government, got failed in the pre-crises management but in tourism sector it handled the crises in a very effective way, thus assuring the country tourism results in the year of global economic crises. A survey done in on a small fraction of Hospitality companies in Croatia, revealed that top level managers understood the importance of crises management measures and also they were regular in their implementation. The authors also concluded that global economic crises cannot be stopped but, the impact on hotel industry can be limited both by private organizations and public sectors. Key Point-2 In 2009, world economy has faced a rare crisis, activating severe recession that critically affected tourism industry. In Croatia two percent drop of overall tourist arrival, and one percent increase of overall overnights has been recorded in 2009 in comparison to 2008. The drop in tourism receipts of Croatia has been much stronger than the drop in the arrivals, and is expected to reach 15. 5% compared to next year. A typology of crises, which is important for further discussion in the paper, is based on the types of domains or origins or causes of the crises. Complexity of the crises’ origins affects that lifecycle and duration of the crises, thus impacting its intensity and impacts to organizations. Since tourism industry is very ulnerable to different crisis, the scope of crises impacts in tourism is multilevel. Out of all 24 crises management measures, 14 measures have significant correlation between managers have significant correlation between managers’ perception of importance and its usage. Four measures belong to group ‘operation, investment, and environment’ and t hree measures to group ‘human resources’. Comments Analysis This article analysis’s the way of coping with the economic crisis on government and company managerial level in the hospitality industry of Croatia, with regards to 2009 economic crisis. In deep economic crisis as it was in 2009, which has had a significant impact on the hospitality industry market and financial position, only synchronized actions of government and companies’ management may generate positive results in crisis prevention and especially in a phase of coping with the crisis. Empirical survey shows that top managers of Croatian hospitality companies’ management may generate positive results in crisis prevention and especially in a phase of coping with crisis. The survey should be done on the same sample of hospitality companies in order to reveal which company has succeeded to recover operational performance in a shorter period. Parallel, the research should aim to reveal which group of crisis management measures generates the fastest recovery of companies operating performance in a post crisis period. Article Summary-5 Carmen Babaita, Marilen Pirtea, Andreia Ispas (2010). Professional tourism – before and after economic crisis in the hotel industry from Timisoara, Romania. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics. 7, pp. 10 Key Point-1 This article demonstrates information on the concept of proficient tourism and its associated terms and how the global economic crisis has affected this valuable segment financially, particularly in tourism industry. The research was conducted in two periods: before and during the economic crisis and targeted 13 hotels of 3 and 4 stars from the hotel market in Timisoara. The study projected a series of related research regarding the tourism and services from the hospitality field, which was in the position of finding new ways to attract and retain business customers. Also according to authors Hotels surveyed in 2009-2010 except for a 4 Star Hotel said they were affected by the financial crisis. Key Point-2 According to the article, the competitive advantages for Romania as tourist destination were unusual destination markets; location in Central-Eastern Europe, the existence of large international hotel chains; knowledge of English by a large part of the young population; upcoming professional specialization of the Romanian companies with the opportunity to become trusted partners for any global organizations, also placed in Romania. Taking into account the addition of the professional travel motivation in the definition of tourism and tourists, there were numerous clashes of opinion, having prevailed the opinion that professional tourism produces the same economic effects at the destination of the traveler or visitor as the recreational tourism; these effects can be: an increasing or a stimulating economic activity, an increased turnover of firms specialized in tourism benefits and an increased revenue from tourism balance. Comment and analysis According to the above study, it can be analyzed that the economic crisis had a major affect on the hotel market activity in Timisoara. The hotel management has always been in a position to find intellectual and resourceful solutions to attract customers, which are scarce and more demanding. Accommodation are still limited, their number is significantly lower to the accessible needs. Starting a project with European funds that include design, site plan of new hotels, even hotel chains, could be the key to improve job prospects, the number of events, business tourists coming to western markets. How to cite Economic Crisis Management in Hospitality and Tourism Industry, Essay examples

Teaching Method Business Professional Reason

Question: Describe about the Teaching Method for Business Professional Reason. Answer: I was barely seven years old, when my parents decided to relocate to Japan, for professional reason. As a child, growing up in an English family, I encountered great difficulty, on my way, trying to adjust with the Japanese culture, as well as the Japanese method of education, during my early school life. Although my parents thought it was just another school for me, that they sent me to, for me it was an unfolding of a whole new experience, that I could hardly relate to. The first obvious problem I encountered was the lack of awareness of the linguistic background of the Japanese people. I could not comprehend the Japanese language, and consequently the accent or the style of enunciation of the English words stood incomprehensible for me. Though my teacher would be speaking in English, every single utterance by her sounded so different for me. Further, her facial expression or her style of teaching, was completely different, from the teachers of New Zealand, and hence I failed to learn the simple tasks. Learning new things among the very new people, who spoke a different language, or wore quite a different apparel, was one of the most challenging things I faced, while studying in the school. Gradually, I started losing enthusiasm of learning in class, as I found my teacher not offering us the activity-based learning classes. While studying in New Zealand, our teacher used to explain each chapter by demonstrating the content on the very next day. Howe ver, here the teacher was mostly pre-occupied to find out how much we could memorize rather than how much we were learning from a chapter. Almost every day, she would take a written test, and would ask us questions. I studied hard, and tried to explain my perspectives, while my teacher was discussing a chapter. However, I was astonished to discover that my habit of adding my own perspective to a topic, was considered a form of interruption by my teacher. I was scolded more than once, for expressing my unwanted opinions. My teacher cited the example of my fellow classmates, who would keep mum, while she would explain the chapter. We were not supposed to talk, and the only time we were supposed to express ourselves, was the time we would be sitting for our examinations. I wanted to learn, explore, interact and develop, rather than just accepting what the content of my boring books explain. I started feeling alienated. My teacher labeled me as disobedient and talkative, even though I b arely communicated with anyone, except my teacher. I also hated how the teacher would expect absolute silence in class, whereby she would be the ultimate authoritarian figure in class. However, I would still wonder why my teachers were not interested in classroom interaction that was a source of fun and interest for me, in New Zealand. Another incident had largely de-motivated me, during my school days in Japan. Once my teacher was teaching an English lesson, and she explained the common interpretation of the chapter, that was discussed on the last page of the book. However, I was not satisfied with the interpretation of my teacher, and hence presented my perspective, without being asked to do so. This made my teacher reproach me in front of the entire class, call my guardian and complain about my arrogant, over-confident nature. It is evident from my personal experience, as discussed above, that each teacher is required to embrace the ethnicity, cultural or linguistic background of the students. A teacher who intends to deliver her lessons in class, may ignore the importance of looking after the well-being of each individual student (Aends, 2014). However, a teacher willing to educate the students must essentially develop an understanding of the cultural background of the students. Herein lays the importance of the concept of cultural responsive pedagogy that clearly states that racial or cultural difference does matter, and must be taken into account seriously (Hooks, 2014). A student often feels marginalized, neglected, deprived and even hopeless, when he fails to adopt or at least make himself understood to his teachers. It is highly important for any teacher to understand the cultural and ethnic background of the student and the students heritage and community, while teaching him. The Eastern method of e ducation is largely different from the Western mode of education, and hence the cultural differences of the students should be respected, rather than imposing new restrictions on the students. The teachers should adopt a culturally responsive method of teaching, which values, and respects the cultural difference of the students. It is important for the teacher to embrace, and adapt himself to the customs and traditions, style of speaking or facial expression and learning style of the student (Gay, 2013). Instead of alienating him, she should respect the difference, and utilize a more flexible method of teaching. As and when a student belonging to a different ethnic culture joins the class, it is the duty of the teacher to develop an awareness of his culture as well as the learning style followed in his former school, or the behavioral style of conduct followed in his home (Hammond et al., 2015). In case the teacher fails to adjust himself with the differences, she might end up de-mo tivating a child, ruining the academic growth in future(LeGates Stout, 2015). I have learnt from my personal experience, that a student should not feel alienated, after joining a school that prioritized and favors a particular culture. A child, who fails to get proper response from his teacher, owing to ethnic or cultural difference, may grow up shy, inward and timid. Each educational institution should accept, acknowledge and embrace the diversity existent among the learners, and should accordingly offer a flexible system of education. Each learner must feel that they do belong to the system. The function of a teacher is not limited to satisfy the academic needs of the students. The teachers are also required to have a comprehensive understanding of the problems of the student that might potentially impede his smooth learning experience. Reference List: Arends, R. (2014).Learning to teach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Darling-Hammond, L., Barron, B., Pearson, P. D., Schoenfeld, A. H., Stage, E. K., Zimmerman, T. D., ... Tilson, J. L. (2015).Powerful learning: What we know about teaching for understanding. John Wiley Sons. Gay, G. (2013). Teaching to and through cultural diversity.Curriculum Inquiry,43(1), 48-70. Gunning, T. G. (2012).Creating literacy instruction for all students. Pearson Higher Ed. Hooks, B. (2014).Teaching to transgress. Routledge. LeGates, R. T., Stout, F. (Eds.). (2015).The city reader. Routledge. Smith, T. E., Polloway, E. A., Patton, J. R., Dowdy, C. A., Doughty, T. T. (2015).Teaching students with special needs in inclusive settings. Pearson. Tomalin, B., Stempleski, S. (2013).Cultural awareness. Oxford University Press.