Barilla Spa Case Report

Executive Summary As per our conversation last week I would like to revisit the idea originally brought to life by Brando Vitali before he was promoted to head one of our company’s new divisions overseas. In order to address the issue which will be a direct result of introduction of JIT Distribution system, I would like to present the issues and my recommendations to you before our meeting with Marconi’s executives to discuss JITD proposal.As the meeting is scheduled for the of November I would like to hear your thoughts on JITD before the end of this month so I can make appropriate changes to address any issues you might foresee as a direct result of our proposal. The decision to adopt the Just-in-Time Distribution will most likely be met with our sales and marketing team’s resistance to change. Our old-fashioned distribution system has been nurtured since the early development of our channels of distribution.Promotions and advertising were key to our success of achieving a certain level of trust within our Supply Chain both internally and externally. I recommend a staged implementation of the JITD to allow our staff to adapt to our new philosophy. Our distribution networks could become more efficient rather than being all about relationships based on pushing the product out of our facilities. It appears that our Supply Chain executives are not looking for ways to reduce waste within our distribution channels as we are not even clear on how we measure our success.Applying Lean principles to our Supply Chain is misleading to our staff as they think their job security is on the line. This is met with internal resistance that needs to be addressed before we can communicate the advantages and benefits of JITD to our external distribution networks. I believe that Vitali’s approach will fit our new Supply Chain management strategy of Just-in-Time Distribution which will allow us to ship products as needed, rather than building enormous st ock to deal with volatile demand patterns.We need to break down the silos and secrecy of our distribution processes to our customers to allow for more efficient channels of distribution. A more transparent approach with fewer layers along the way will allow for a much more efficient Supply Chain. Working closely with our distributors will allow us to reduce our own inventory and manufacturing costs along the way. We also need to consider our own forecasting systems to built the trust within our channels of distribution.Scheduled monthly meeting will allow for an open dialogue between various groups that might be affected by this implementation. I believe that open lines of communication both internally and externally will contribute to the ultimate success of JITD implementation. We will have to address issues as they come up to ensure the peace of mind of those who will be affected the most. We need to be more flexible to address problems and bottle necks of our distributors as tha t would be crucial to success of JITD.The main idea we need to communicate across our Supply Chain is that JITD would allow us to eliminate waste and get rid of extra layers which our in the way of addressing our issue of volatile demand patters which result in stockouts. Giorgio Maggali, MBA, SCMP Director of Materials Management Barilla Fresh Products Group October 16, 2012 Barilla Spa Case Study Issue Identification As the decision maker in this case I believe that the main issue presented in this case study is resistance to change.To be more specific, DO’s (Organized Distributors) resistance to adopt a new Just-in-Time distribution (JITD) system which would replace the old-fashioned distribution system used by Barilla’s Supply Chain traditionally. This traditional distribution system has always been viewed as a successful one, as it worked for everyone within the channels of distribution supplying dry products to supermarket chains and independent supermarkets. The re was a certain level of trust achieved between the marketing group, sales reps and buyers who are a part of the Supply Chain built around trade promotions.DO’s expectations of frequent trade promotions were considered the only means to cost reduction during the â€Å"canvass† periods where distributors were able to buy as much product as desired to meet current and future needs. This is a well nurtured traditional system which took a lot of years to develop. Environmental and Root Cause Analysis Approximately 65% of Barilla’s dry products were supplied through outside distributors to supermarket chains and independent supermarkets who would eventually get the product into the hands of the ultimate user.Distributors would receive their product from one of the two Barilla’s central distribution centers (CDCs) where movement of product would be assessed based on its category which would be either â€Å"dry† or â€Å"fresh†. Barilla maintained different distribution systems for its dry and fresh products due to their differences in perishability and retail service requirements. Brando Vitali’s JITD proposal focused solely on dry products sold through Barilla’s distributors who I am going to examine. There is an industry culture around the supply and demand of Barilla products.Internal and external politics are at the root cause of the resistance to change around the distribution channels. There are issues that Barilla needs to address internally before the idea of JITD can come to life externally. Barilla’s sales and marketing personnel have expressed a range of concerns because this new philosophy could potentially cost some staff and executives their jobs from the bottom to the top of the sales organization as it is developed further. Sales executives are clinging to the idea of promotion based strategy which the old-fashioned distribution system is based around.This is not a good sign as efforts t o reduce costs should be made from all aspects of the Supply Chain Management. Executives should be concerned with efficiency of their supply chains from different tiers of suppliers all the way thru different tiers of their customers until the product reaches its ultimate user. Barilla executives are not looking for ways to reduce waste within their distribution channels as it’s not even clear how they measure success of their sales force. Barillas distribution network is only based around relationships, not necessarily around efficiency of their supply chain.They should be looking at ways to eliminate waste, even if it means â€Å"leaning out† their sales force and only keeping those who truly perform well. Staff will always resist change as it is uncertainty that scares everyone when new ideas are introduced within an organization, especially if it might put their job security on the line. Once the internal issues are addressed and the new philosophy starts taking p recedence they can effectively communicate JITD to their DO channels. Sales reps would be successful at communicating the ideas and benefits of JITD system to the buyers of the Organized Distributors.Those buyers would then facilitate the flow of this information from the bottom to the top of the organization before a meeting can take place with Marconi and other DOs. Alternatives and/or Options Giver the current situation, I believe there are only two options to consider here. First one is to remain status quo and run the risk of stockouts as the effect of fluctuating demand which due to variation in demand leads to cost increases. The other option would be to embrace the new philosophy of JITD internally and communicate it further down the supply chain to the DOs.Brando Vitali had it right all along with the idea he referred to as Just-in-Time Distribution (JITD) which was modelled after the renowned â€Å"Just-in-Time† manufacturing concept. His philosophy was to consider JITD as a selling tool rather that a threat to sales. Vitali’s view was that as a supply chain we should focus on demand from end user as that is the supply we trying to address at the time it’s required. In order to effectively address the issues of fluctuating demand we need to be able to respond to unexpectedly high demand from the end-consumer and the quickest way to do that would be to eliminate as many layers as possible.Additional inventories to dampen fluctuations costs money, costs of maintaining certain service levels should also be taken into consideration. Rather than filling distributors demand, according to their planning department, we should be looking at distributors data directly and only send what is needed rather than supply distributors with inventory they can hold to anticipate demand swings. By doing so, we would be able to improve operations for ourselves and our customers if we were responsible for determining the quantities and delivery schedu les.This will allow us to further reduce costs as transportation could be handled by our CDCs based on sales volume variations. Recommendation and Implementation I recommend the JITD system as it will address the stockouts issues we’re currently experiencing as the effect of fluctuating demand. Our distributors already carry too much inventory (see Exhibit 13) which doesn’t resolve the stockouts issues we’re seeing despite the fact that they are holding a couple of weeks inventory.We should be able to improve operations for our distributors if we were allowed to be responsible for determining quantities and delivery schedules based on end users demand. This would allow us to ship product as per demand required rather than trying to manufacture stock large enough to supply both of our facilities. Furthermore we would be able to reduce our own distribution, inventory and manufacturing costs and pass those savings onto our customers if we didn’t have to worr y about volatile demand patterns.Ultimately this will work the same way it does with Barilla sales representatives assisting with setting up in-store promotions analyzing competitive information including competitor’s prices, stockouts and new product additions. This would be effective because no one knows our product better than we do. If our sales reps are allowed at distribution facilities, they would be able to assist, gather and exchange a lot of valuable information about our needs and those of our DOs. The more we know about each other’s business the better off our Supply Chain will be.The fewer layers we have, the quicker we can get our product to our ultimate customers; reducing our own inventory and manufacturing costs along the way. We’ll have to improve our own forecasting systems of course as it is imperative to our business that our distributors have that extra confidence in our abilities. Monitor and Control This sort of an idea would require a lo t of back and forth communication both internally and externally. Cross functional teams would be required to address issues and concerns which might arise from this sort of implementation.The whole process should be done in stages to allow staff to adapt to the changes gradually. Keeping everyone informed would be key as the only way to reassure staff and address uncertainty would be to educate them on pros on cons of the system being brought to life. Regularly scheduled monthly meetings are an absolute must to address issues as they arise. New KPI’s should be clearly communicated to the sale reps. Our reps should be clear on all of the aspects of JITD implementation as they would play an important role of facilitating the flow of information down the Supply Chain.Once DOs are up to speed on JITD, a simulation should be considered with external distributors to demonstrate the benefits of the new distribution system once it is implemented. Inviting DO representatives to see o ur manufacturing facilities and addressing their concerns with solutions would go along way on establishing rapport and strengthening relationships. Probing and addressing bottle necks of our distributors with JITD would also be beneficial to everyone as our ability to eliminate wastes and get rid of extra layers would reduce costs across the Supply Chain.

A Film Analysis of Inception

A Film Analysis of Inception If â€Å"true inspiration is impossible to fake,† explains a character in Christopher Nolan’s existentialist heist film Inception and If that’s the case, then Inception is one of the realest films ever made. In July of 2012 Nolan crafted a movie that’s beyond brilliant and layered both narratively and thematically. It requires the audience to take in a collection of rules, exceptions, locations, jobs, and abilities in order to understand the text, let alone the fascinating of the subtext.Nolan’s magnum opus is his first major blockbuster in over a decade that demanded an intense viewer concentration. It raised thoughtful and complex ideas, wrapping everything in a breathlessly exciting action film. Inception may be complicated, but simply put it’s one of the best movies of 2010. Inception requires so much exposition that a lesser director would have forced theaters to distribute pamphlets to audience members in or der to explain the complicated world he’s developed.The movie centers on a team of individuals led by an â€Å"extractor† named Dom Cobb (Leonardo DiCaprio) who is a thief who commits corporate espionage by infiltrating the subconscious mind of his target. When he is offered a chance to regain his old life as payment for a task considered to be impossible. He constructs a dream of a high value target and used this dreams to implant an idea so the target will make a decision beneficial to the individual who hired Dom Cobb. To give a full description of this movie would almost take as long as watching the movie it self but that is why I choose to do a review on Inception.This creation of Director Nolan and Wally Pfister is both gripping and complex in the way that they apply the uses of lighting and angles, CGI, music, and mise en scene to create a master piece that has yet to be imitated or duplicated. To know the movie, one needs to know who wrote it, produced it, and directed it. He was born in London, England in 1970, where Christopher Nolan began making films at the young age of seven using his father's super 8mm camera and an assortment of malefaction figures. He graduated to making films involving real people and his super 8mm surreal short film Tarantella was shown on PBS Image Union in 1989.Chris studied English Literature at University College London while starting to make 16mm films at the College Film Society. His short film Larceny was shown at the Cambridge Film Festival in 1996, and his other 16mm shorts include a three- minute surreal film called The Doodlebug. Major films that he has directed are The Following, Memento, Insomnia, Batman Begins, The Prestige, The Dark Knight, The Dark Knight Rises and he is currently producing the Man of Steel, a remake of Superman, set to be released in 2013.Most of his movies are based in action and adventure but still have a little bit of science fiction, which gives the film a surreal feeling to them. Nolan usually begins his movies with a personal touch by introducing the main character/s with a Close-up shot of their hands. He is also known for making use of flashbacks or scenes from the end of the movie as an opening. Most of the movies that he directs are usually about characters who have some kind of psychological disorders or who develop a physical or psychological handicap throughout the film.In the case of Inception, the main character Dom Cobb wakes up on the shore with his hands trying to reach or point out to his children who were playing with the sand. This scene reappears again in the end and plays an important role to explain the essence of the movie. The psychological handicap that is portrayed within the main character, can also be considered the main protagonist in this movie but that is not revealed until the closing scene of the movie. The Cinematographer Walter C. Wally† Pfister is known for his work with Christopher Nolan’s films, includin g Memento, Insomnia, Batman Begins, The Prestige, The Dark Knight, and The Dark Knight Rises. He has worked on the Italian Job and Moneyball. Pfister is known for using the hard cuts and cross cutting method, to build up the suspense in the audience. Along with this editing style he places ending scenes at the start of sequences to make the viewers ask what is going on. This is common in a great deal of suspenseful and mystery films, as is the cross cutting method which is seen every day on daytime television.This kind of cinematography gets you into the storyline and has you sitting on the edge of your seat waiting for the resolve, while at the same time being other part of the world. Without this method of editing you would see one story after another and I really think that boredom would set in and your mind would not be challenged with what could be and we would be left wanting more. The way he builds the suspense and holds back on some of the facts in this film, place it snuggl y as a mystery film but with all the car chases, explosions, and gun fights it gets a stronger action film label but is not lacking on the depth in the story.Add in the CGI that Pfister uses to create the dreams and challenge reality, and you have a movie that cannot be place into any one genre. The use of CGI and camera angles in this movie was just breathtaking. To watch the city being folded without disrupting the gravity was a wonderful undertaking and If you are an avid film watcher then you could easily compare that scene with the scene from Royal Wedding with Fred Astaire, (Donen, 1951) where he is dancing on the ceiling and walls.It’s a classic use of time honored techniques, where the shaking of the camera gives you the illusion that the dream world is crumbling when the architect is removed. This technique was also used in Star Trek to make the viewer think the ship was really under attack and the hits they were taking were hard and devastating. These simple effects that were used in this dream world, gives one the illusion that in this dream world the architect can play god. The time structure was also altered to stress the altered and lengthened time lines in each dream, capitalizing on the elapsed time that is gain when traveling from dream into a dream.This time ration was actually matched within each film sequence and speed, as all the dreams where not moving at the same speed, which is explained in the movie. So Pfister uses this multiplication of time to slow down reality and allowed the characters in a layered dream sequences to more time to accomplish their mission. This technique was also done with the sound as well, as the composer Hans Zimmer used the same song though out the movie but in each level of the dream, the music was slowed down. Nolan, 2010) This kind of scene matching is something Hans Zimmer is known for with his work in music. Zimmer also worked on Lion King as well. Using the same elements from the scenes and incorpo rating them into the sound. One of the other elements to his composing that is not seen in many other composers is that he tries not to match what will happen to the score. Meaning that he would lead the audience with the music, as a horror/suspense film would. A classic example would be Jaws and the known and anticipated â€Å" ba†¦ da†¦ ba†¦da†¦ba da ba da aaaa!! † He wants you to be truly surprised at how the scene plays out. So Zimmer plays a score that would enhance the scene but not give away the ending before it happens. In this way, the score and sound effects maintain the same non-linear form as the story line does. When dealing with dreams you cannot maintain a linear story line. This film had to utilize a non-linear storyline, keeping the audience wondering what is going to happen next. It creates in your own mind, more questions to add to the one you began with.This constant â€Å"make you think† aspect of the film allows the audience to use their own imagination to fill in any blanks they might have, in collaboration with the psychological puzzle that is placed before you, you cannot help but be mesmerized by some of the breath taking visuals and non linear scenes. The main characters protagonist changes as your understanding of the film evolves. This adds a sense of confusion and leave room for debate, as you discuss this film with others. As the story unfolds you learn more and more about the psychological stress this man must be under.The understanding of his psychological distress will later add to a greater understanding of what is and has transpired. This stress was something Leonardo DeCaprio adapted to very well, as did all of the actors in playing their parts rather well, considering some of them have a stigma about their abilities that has left them in comedies and dramas, being unable to broaden their horizons as an actor. The supporting actors in this movie provided more than simple time filling lines. They add as much to the story and plot as the main character, if not more at times.The director, Christopher Nolan, is known for choosing talent that may not fall into the part but makes them have to work to enhance it. He chose actors that would fill the part, but they did so with a progression of their own style. For example one of the co-stars, Joseph Gordon-Levitt is best known for his role on Third Rock from the Sun. (Turner, 1996) He is not known for playing an action star but within this film he is just that, an action, shooting the â€Å"bad guys,† saving the day, and even fighting in yet another â€Å"Fred Astaire† sequence with the rotating hallway.The combinations that Nolan uses in this movie is a masterpiece in itself without the characters but it is the characters that define this movie. The main character of this movie is Dom Cobb. His character is played by Leonardo DiCaprio. Cobb is the Extractor in the dream field. He enters into other people’ s dreams, plants an idea in the targets’ mind and then steals their secrets. Due to his previous experience in the dream field, he is hired to steal secrets from Saito; a business man that turns the tables on Cobb. Cobb finds out they want him to do â€Å"inception,† which is the planting of an idea in the target’s mind.Cobb takes the job offer so hopefully one day he can go back to his family. DiCaprio heads out to find similar experienced people to form a team together. Once he finds the people he needs, they start coming up with ideas to plant in the targets’ mind. His team helpers include: Joseph Gordon-Levitt as Arthur, Ellen Page as Ariadne, Tom Hardy as Eames, and Dileep Rao as Yusuf. As they start planting their ideas, Cobb’s dead wife Mallorie â€Å"Mal† Cob, played by Marion Cotillard, keeps interfering in the dreams. With her interfering, it is hard for Cobb to keep focus on what he is trying to do for his job.All the characters p lay an extremely different roll from one another in the movie. They all have individual, special talents and different jobs to contribute to the planting of ideas. Page, who plays Ariadne, is the Architect. She is a graduate student who Cobb recruits to build the dream- scapes, which they call mazes. Her job is extremely important because she has to make sure every maze is precise. If not, everything could go wrong in the process of planting the idea in the targets’ mind. Levitt plays Arthur as Cobb’s Point Man.His job is to be responsible for researching their targets. Rao is Yusuf, the Chemist. They need him to make the drugs needed to sustain the dream states. Without him, the rest of the team and their targets, could not go into the dream state. The last character to talk about is Hardy. He plays Eames, the Forger, Cobb’s associate. Hardy uses his ability to manipulate dreams. The connections that the characters have with each other are typical for a superio r action movie, but Cobb and Mal’s relationship is why Inception stands apart from other action movieThe impact that Inceptions had on society was not as dramatic or frightening as some movies are, but it does show a darker side of the immense greed in this world and can make you wonder about the lengths that some people might go to, to obtain wealth or power, the boundaries the government will push to make them better then the enemy, or even the lengths one man might go for his family. These features of this film make it a very cerebral film. These make you think about how far you are willing to go to get what you want.How much are you willing to put others lives in danger to acquire what you think it is you need? Do the ends justify the means when you are dealing with human lives? While others that have watched this film argue that the film itself is a metaphor for film-making and that the filmgoing experience itself, images flashing before one's eyes in a darkened room, is akin to a dream. Jonah Lehrer also wrote in Wired that he supported this interpretation and presented neurological evidence that brain activity is strikingly similar during film-watching and sleeping.In both, the visual cortex is highly active and the prefrontal cortex, which deals with logic, deliberate analysis, and self-awareness, is quiet. (Lehrer, 2010) Whereas Paul argued that the experience of going to a theater is itself an exercise in shared dreaming, particularly when viewing Inception: the film's sharp cutting between scenes forces the viewer to create larger narrative arcs to stitch the pieces together. This demand of production parallel to consumption of the images, on the part of the audience is analogous to dreaming itself.As in the film's story, in a cinema one enters into the space of another's dream, in this case Nolan's, as with any work of art, one's reading of it is ultimately influenced by one's own subjective desires and subconscious. (Paul, 2010) I personall y liked this film and was happy when I decided to review it. My take on this film was that the whole thing was but a dream within a dream, where the main character â€Å"Cobb† (played by Leonardo DeCaprio) (Nolan, 2010) is able to manipulate everyone in his entourage, except his wife.He knew that Ariaden (played by Ellen Page) would return the next day even though you are led to believe that his wife killed herself, because she felt she was still in the dream. I feel she was still in a dream and was able to escape, while he is still trapped inside a dream thinking it is reality. Which he lost his grip on when she â€Å"killed herself† but his subconscious is using her to help him but at the same time, his logic and emotion is preventing him from seeing the truth and in the end he is blinded by it. It really is a lot to wrap your brain around when you just want to watch a ovie for entertainment value but it does have something for everyone, even if it is a little drawn out between climaxes but the overall premise behind the idea of Inception was wonderful and the fact that it made you think about the movie was quite refreshing. References Allers, R. &Hahn, D. (1994). The Lion King. United States: Walt Disney. Breznican, A. (2010). â€Å"With Inception, Chris Nolan’s head games continue. † USA Today. Retrieved August 28, 2012. Donen, S. &Freed, A. (1951). Royal Wedding. United States: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Goodykoontz, B & Jacobs, C. (2011).Film: From Watching to Seeing. Retrieved from http://content. ashford. edu Lehrer, J. (2010). The Neuroscience of Inception. Wired, July 26, 2010. Retrieved August 28, 2012. Nolan, C. & Thomas, E. (2010). Inception. United States: Legendary Pictures. Paul, I. (2010). Desiring-Machines in American Cinema: What Inception tells us about our experience of reality and film. Senses of Cinema, Issue 56. Retrieved August 28, 2012. Spielberg, S. &Zanuck, R. (1975). Jaws. United States: Universal Pictures. Tu rner, B. & Turner, T. (1996). 3rd Rock from the Sun. United States: Carsey Werner Company. A Film Analysis of Inception A Film Analysis of Inception If â€Å"true inspiration is impossible to fake,† explains a character in Christopher Nolan’s existentialist heist film Inception and If that’s the case, then Inception is one of the realest films ever made. In July of 2012 Nolan crafted a movie that’s beyond brilliant and layered both narratively and thematically. It requires the audience to take in a collection of rules, exceptions, locations, jobs, and abilities in order to understand the text, let alone the fascinating of the subtext.Nolan’s magnum opus is his first major blockbuster in over a decade that demanded an intense viewer concentration. It raised thoughtful and complex ideas, wrapping everything in a breathlessly exciting action film. Inception may be complicated, but simply put it’s one of the best movies of 2010. Inception requires so much exposition that a lesser director would have forced theaters to distribute pamphlets to audience members in or der to explain the complicated world he’s developed.The movie centers on a team of individuals led by an â€Å"extractor† named Dom Cobb (Leonardo DiCaprio) who is a thief who commits corporate espionage by infiltrating the subconscious mind of his target. When he is offered a chance to regain his old life as payment for a task considered to be impossible. He constructs a dream of a high value target and used this dreams to implant an idea so the target will make a decision beneficial to the individual who hired Dom Cobb. To give a full description of this movie would almost take as long as watching the movie it self but that is why I choose to do a review on Inception.This creation of Director Nolan and Wally Pfister is both gripping and complex in the way that they apply the uses of lighting and angles, CGI, music, and mise en scene to create a master piece that has yet to be imitated or duplicated. To know the movie, one needs to know who wrote it, produced it, and directed it. He was born in London, England in 1970, where Christopher Nolan began making films at the young age of seven using his father's super 8mm camera and an assortment of malefaction figures. He graduated to making films involving real people and his super 8mm surreal short film Tarantella was shown on PBS Image Union in 1989.Chris studied English Literature at University College London while starting to make 16mm films at the College Film Society. His short film Larceny was shown at the Cambridge Film Festival in 1996, and his other 16mm shorts include a three- minute surreal film called The Doodlebug. Major films that he has directed are The Following, Memento, Insomnia, Batman Begins, The Prestige, The Dark Knight, The Dark Knight Rises and he is currently producing the Man of Steel, a remake of Superman, set to be released in 2013.Most of his movies are based in action and adventure but still have a little bit of science fiction, which gives the film a surreal feeling to them. Nolan usually begins his movies with a personal touch by introducing the main character/s with a Close-up shot of their hands. He is also known for making use of flashbacks or scenes from the end of the movie as an opening. Most of the movies that he directs are usually about characters who have some kind of psychological disorders or who develop a physical or psychological handicap throughout the film.In the case of Inception, the main character Dom Cobb wakes up on the shore with his hands trying to reach or point out to his children who were playing with the sand. This scene reappears again in the end and plays an important role to explain the essence of the movie. The psychological handicap that is portrayed within the main character, can also be considered the main protagonist in this movie but that is not revealed until the closing scene of the movie. The Cinematographer Walter C. Wally† Pfister is known for his work with Christopher Nolan’s films, includin g Memento, Insomnia, Batman Begins, The Prestige, The Dark Knight, and The Dark Knight Rises. He has worked on the Italian Job and Moneyball. Pfister is known for using the hard cuts and cross cutting method, to build up the suspense in the audience. Along with this editing style he places ending scenes at the start of sequences to make the viewers ask what is going on. This is common in a great deal of suspenseful and mystery films, as is the cross cutting method which is seen every day on daytime television.This kind of cinematography gets you into the storyline and has you sitting on the edge of your seat waiting for the resolve, while at the same time being other part of the world. Without this method of editing you would see one story after another and I really think that boredom would set in and your mind would not be challenged with what could be and we would be left wanting more. The way he builds the suspense and holds back on some of the facts in this film, place it snuggl y as a mystery film but with all the car chases, explosions, and gun fights it gets a stronger action film label but is not lacking on the depth in the story.Add in the CGI that Pfister uses to create the dreams and challenge reality, and you have a movie that cannot be place into any one genre. The use of CGI and camera angles in this movie was just breathtaking. To watch the city being folded without disrupting the gravity was a wonderful undertaking and If you are an avid film watcher then you could easily compare that scene with the scene from Royal Wedding with Fred Astaire, (Donen, 1951) where he is dancing on the ceiling and walls.It’s a classic use of time honored techniques, where the shaking of the camera gives you the illusion that the dream world is crumbling when the architect is removed. This technique was also used in Star Trek to make the viewer think the ship was really under attack and the hits they were taking were hard and devastating. These simple effects that were used in this dream world, gives one the illusion that in this dream world the architect can play god. The time structure was also altered to stress the altered and lengthened time lines in each dream, capitalizing on the elapsed time that is gain when traveling from dream into a dream.This time ration was actually matched within each film sequence and speed, as all the dreams where not moving at the same speed, which is explained in the movie. So Pfister uses this multiplication of time to slow down reality and allowed the characters in a layered dream sequences to more time to accomplish their mission. This technique was also done with the sound as well, as the composer Hans Zimmer used the same song though out the movie but in each level of the dream, the music was slowed down. Nolan, 2010) This kind of scene matching is something Hans Zimmer is known for with his work in music. Zimmer also worked on Lion King as well. Using the same elements from the scenes and incorpo rating them into the sound. One of the other elements to his composing that is not seen in many other composers is that he tries not to match what will happen to the score. Meaning that he would lead the audience with the music, as a horror/suspense film would. A classic example would be Jaws and the known and anticipated â€Å" ba†¦ da†¦ ba†¦da†¦ba da ba da aaaa!! † He wants you to be truly surprised at how the scene plays out. So Zimmer plays a score that would enhance the scene but not give away the ending before it happens. In this way, the score and sound effects maintain the same non-linear form as the story line does. When dealing with dreams you cannot maintain a linear story line. This film had to utilize a non-linear storyline, keeping the audience wondering what is going to happen next. It creates in your own mind, more questions to add to the one you began with.This constant â€Å"make you think† aspect of the film allows the audience to use their own imagination to fill in any blanks they might have, in collaboration with the psychological puzzle that is placed before you, you cannot help but be mesmerized by some of the breath taking visuals and non linear scenes. The main characters protagonist changes as your understanding of the film evolves. This adds a sense of confusion and leave room for debate, as you discuss this film with others. As the story unfolds you learn more and more about the psychological stress this man must be under.The understanding of his psychological distress will later add to a greater understanding of what is and has transpired. This stress was something Leonardo DeCaprio adapted to very well, as did all of the actors in playing their parts rather well, considering some of them have a stigma about their abilities that has left them in comedies and dramas, being unable to broaden their horizons as an actor. The supporting actors in this movie provided more than simple time filling lines. They add as much to the story and plot as the main character, if not more at times.The director, Christopher Nolan, is known for choosing talent that may not fall into the part but makes them have to work to enhance it. He chose actors that would fill the part, but they did so with a progression of their own style. For example one of the co-stars, Joseph Gordon-Levitt is best known for his role on Third Rock from the Sun. (Turner, 1996) He is not known for playing an action star but within this film he is just that, an action, shooting the â€Å"bad guys,† saving the day, and even fighting in yet another â€Å"Fred Astaire† sequence with the rotating hallway.The combinations that Nolan uses in this movie is a masterpiece in itself without the characters but it is the characters that define this movie. The main character of this movie is Dom Cobb. His character is played by Leonardo DiCaprio. Cobb is the Extractor in the dream field. He enters into other people’ s dreams, plants an idea in the targets’ mind and then steals their secrets. Due to his previous experience in the dream field, he is hired to steal secrets from Saito; a business man that turns the tables on Cobb. Cobb finds out they want him to do â€Å"inception,† which is the planting of an idea in the target’s mind.Cobb takes the job offer so hopefully one day he can go back to his family. DiCaprio heads out to find similar experienced people to form a team together. Once he finds the people he needs, they start coming up with ideas to plant in the targets’ mind. His team helpers include: Joseph Gordon-Levitt as Arthur, Ellen Page as Ariadne, Tom Hardy as Eames, and Dileep Rao as Yusuf. As they start planting their ideas, Cobb’s dead wife Mallorie â€Å"Mal† Cob, played by Marion Cotillard, keeps interfering in the dreams. With her interfering, it is hard for Cobb to keep focus on what he is trying to do for his job.All the characters p lay an extremely different roll from one another in the movie. They all have individual, special talents and different jobs to contribute to the planting of ideas. Page, who plays Ariadne, is the Architect. She is a graduate student who Cobb recruits to build the dream- scapes, which they call mazes. Her job is extremely important because she has to make sure every maze is precise. If not, everything could go wrong in the process of planting the idea in the targets’ mind. Levitt plays Arthur as Cobb’s Point Man.His job is to be responsible for researching their targets. Rao is Yusuf, the Chemist. They need him to make the drugs needed to sustain the dream states. Without him, the rest of the team and their targets, could not go into the dream state. The last character to talk about is Hardy. He plays Eames, the Forger, Cobb’s associate. Hardy uses his ability to manipulate dreams. The connections that the characters have with each other are typical for a superio r action movie, but Cobb and Mal’s relationship is why Inception stands apart from other action movieThe impact that Inceptions had on society was not as dramatic or frightening as some movies are, but it does show a darker side of the immense greed in this world and can make you wonder about the lengths that some people might go to, to obtain wealth or power, the boundaries the government will push to make them better then the enemy, or even the lengths one man might go for his family. These features of this film make it a very cerebral film. These make you think about how far you are willing to go to get what you want.How much are you willing to put others lives in danger to acquire what you think it is you need? Do the ends justify the means when you are dealing with human lives? While others that have watched this film argue that the film itself is a metaphor for film-making and that the filmgoing experience itself, images flashing before one's eyes in a darkened room, is akin to a dream. Jonah Lehrer also wrote in Wired that he supported this interpretation and presented neurological evidence that brain activity is strikingly similar during film-watching and sleeping.In both, the visual cortex is highly active and the prefrontal cortex, which deals with logic, deliberate analysis, and self-awareness, is quiet. (Lehrer, 2010) Whereas Paul argued that the experience of going to a theater is itself an exercise in shared dreaming, particularly when viewing Inception: the film's sharp cutting between scenes forces the viewer to create larger narrative arcs to stitch the pieces together. This demand of production parallel to consumption of the images, on the part of the audience is analogous to dreaming itself.As in the film's story, in a cinema one enters into the space of another's dream, in this case Nolan's, as with any work of art, one's reading of it is ultimately influenced by one's own subjective desires and subconscious. (Paul, 2010) I personall y liked this film and was happy when I decided to review it. My take on this film was that the whole thing was but a dream within a dream, where the main character â€Å"Cobb† (played by Leonardo DeCaprio) (Nolan, 2010) is able to manipulate everyone in his entourage, except his wife.He knew that Ariaden (played by Ellen Page) would return the next day even though you are led to believe that his wife killed herself, because she felt she was still in the dream. I feel she was still in a dream and was able to escape, while he is still trapped inside a dream thinking it is reality. Which he lost his grip on when she â€Å"killed herself† but his subconscious is using her to help him but at the same time, his logic and emotion is preventing him from seeing the truth and in the end he is blinded by it. It really is a lot to wrap your brain around when you just want to watch a ovie for entertainment value but it does have something for everyone, even if it is a little drawn out between climaxes but the overall premise behind the idea of Inception was wonderful and the fact that it made you think about the movie was quite refreshing. References Allers, R. &Hahn, D. (1994). The Lion King. United States: Walt Disney. Breznican, A. (2010). â€Å"With Inception, Chris Nolan’s head games continue. † USA Today. Retrieved August 28, 2012. Donen, S. &Freed, A. (1951). Royal Wedding. United States: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Goodykoontz, B & Jacobs, C. (2011).Film: From Watching to Seeing. Retrieved from http://content. ashford. edu Lehrer, J. (2010). The Neuroscience of Inception. Wired, July 26, 2010. Retrieved August 28, 2012. Nolan, C. & Thomas, E. (2010). Inception. United States: Legendary Pictures. Paul, I. (2010). Desiring-Machines in American Cinema: What Inception tells us about our experience of reality and film. Senses of Cinema, Issue 56. Retrieved August 28, 2012. Spielberg, S. &Zanuck, R. (1975). Jaws. United States: Universal Pictures. Tu rner, B. & Turner, T. (1996). 3rd Rock from the Sun. United States: Carsey Werner Company.

The Book Thief Essay

Describe at least ONE character or individual you enjoyed reading about in the text(s). Explain why the character(s) or individual(s) helped you understand an idea in the text(s). History and especially World War Two is a testament to the duality of human nature. Jeffery Kluger in an article for Time Magazine reflects on this aspect of human nature. â€Å"The madness {lies} in the fact that the savage and the splendid can exist in one creature, one person and often in one instant. I enjoyed reading about Liesel Meminger in the novel The Book Thief by Markus Zusak. Liesel is nine years old and lives in Nazi Germany. In the early chapters of the book we learn that her younger brother has dies, her father is missing ad her communist mother has arranged for her to be adopted by Hans and Rosa Hubermann. It is while Liesel is living in the Hubermann’s household on Himmel Street that readers engage with her rite of passage and her witness of the extreme ugliness and beauty of human behaviour.Liesel is a moral compass, helping the reader to understand the idea that we can counter loss and hatred with the power of words and acts of compassion. Liesel helps the reader to understand the idea that we can counter loss and hatred with the power of words and acts of compassion through her relationship with Max, a Jew hidden by Han’s Hubermann in his basement. Living in a suffocating Nazi era, Liesel still manages to form a loving and secretive friendship with an unlikely Jew that allows the reader to be engaged and feel too the emotions shared between Liesel and Max. They were the erased pages of Mein Kampf, gagging, suffocating under the paint as they turned† this is an example of the many counter words of hatred entwined with the words of love. One of the smallest treasures in Liesels life is the power held within her stories and imagination. Max and Liesels friendship takes height when Max gifts Liesel a story created by him called The Standover Man. T he story portrays the image of a weak Jew finding hope in a small girl, the story of Max and Liesel. â€Å"Now I live in the basement. Bad dreams still live in my sleep.One Night, after my usual nightmare, a shadow stood above me. She said, ‘tell me what you dream of’ so I did. † A further example of the counter hatred and loss is shown when Max asks Liesel to tell him what the weather is like outside, in the world above his concrete live. â€Å"Often, I wish this would all be over Liesel, but then somehow you do something like walk down the basement with a snowman in your hands† this quote expresses the life that Max is living and how Liesel can bring him moments of hope and joy and promote optimism for an outcome at the end of this life.As a member of the Hitler Youth, Liesel is taught that Jews are inferior to the German race. This quote is an example of counter hate and teachers the reader of the trust and compassion shared by Liesel and Max; despite t he dictating Nazi propaganda, Liesel forms her own opinions and allows the reader to follow her example by looking at Max in a positive light and find the true beauty of human nature. Also, Liesels relationship with Han’s Hubermann helps the reader to understand the idea that we can counter loss and hatred with the power of words and the acts of compassion.An example of this is shown in the first chapters of the story where Liesels brother dies on their dreadful train journey to Mochling. Liesel has nightmares every night about this tragic event and Hans’ acts of compassion counter the loss in Liesels life. Liesel and Hans share a loving Father, Daughter relationship shared once again between their love of reading and imagination. Hans and Liesel share a loving relationship in Liesels time of need and Hans offers countless love and support.From her first arrival at Himmel Street, Liesels relationship with Hans is shown, ‘Hans Hubermann had just completed rolling a cigarette, having licked the paper and joined it up. He looked over at Liesel and winked. She would have no trouble calling him Papa. ’ Hans is the antithesis of Liesels foster mother, a compassionate being with a calm tone of voice. After Liesels embarrassing bed wetting incident, Hans’ role as a passionate Father is shown. Hans and Liesel share a common interest of reading and writing and as Hans teaches Liesel to read and write, he teaches himself to advance his reading skills.Liesels incident of loss with her brother in countered when Hans hangs her sheets and says ‘let the midnight class start’. Hans teaches the reader than a sharing of common interests in key in a child’s development and allowed his relationship with Liesel as her Papa to really progress because they shared a mutual interest in the arts of reading and writing. Further, Liesel helps the reader to understand the ideas that we can counter loss and hatred with the power of words through her actions related to books and reading.In life, we as readers find that stories are means of escape – imagination is one place we can control in even the darkest of times. Liesel shares a mutual relationship of loss with Isla Hermann, the mayor’s wife. Isla lost her son in a fatal incident with a barbed wire fence and uses her library and books as a means of escape from reality. Liesel and Isla share a mutual passion for books and reading and find a friendship forming because of this. Liesel is denied very few joys in life because her family’s economic position and she steals books as a means to fulfil her empty void.She however is taken aside when she is shown the massive library located and Isla Hermann’s abode and Death narrates â€Å"it was one of the most beautiful things Liesel Meminger had ever seen† Both Liesel and Isla counter loss and hatred with the power of words through her actions related to books and reading. Liesel is mos t certainly a moral compass, helping the reader that we can counter loss and hatred with the power of words and acts of compassion.The reader further engages with her rite of passage and her witness of extreme ugliness and the beauties of human nature. Liesel in The Book Thief is a character I enjoyed reading about. She allows the reader an intimate view of one of the most shameful periods in human history yet in doing so she reminds us of some of the most compassionate acts in human history. Markus Zusak, like his character Liesel, uses powerful words to manipulate and engage the reader so that we never forget the duality of human nature and the need for compassion in the face of brutality.

International Relations and International Oganization Research Paper

International Relations and International Oganization - Research Paper Example Scholars find it hard to disown one of two competing subjects as each variable reflects distinct reasons for the competition2. Different global organizations formed by unification of states and the human thought are vital to resolve these issues before they create bad implications to both parties or one of them. Human beings often show competition over available resources, a factor which eventually stirs enmity and long-term dissatisfaction of the party that property loses its bid in the struggle3. Therefore, an intense purpose of the study shall establish the endeavors that several international organizations engage purporting to disintegrate power to an extent that curbs hostilities and ensures that all relations among nations serve the ethical interests of the majority group. The study shall reflect on the arguments encompassed in different articles presenting international organizations’ involvement in global relations and the intrinsic values that they often create thereof4. For example, war crimes reflect a daily rise from continent to continent and between neighboring nations thus; the approach shall implement the specific concerns of these atrocities, reflect on the prevailing interests or conflicting situations, and determine the result after involvement of an independent in ternational organization5. The continuous rate of interdependence among the global economies is a key stimulating factor to the relations among those nations. For instance, a nation that depends on another for the market of its commodities or the supply of raw materials shall focus on ensuring that these relations coexist almost eternally, and shall ensure that all conflicts surrounding that nation of interest do not injure the economic progression. Therefore, the statement of purpose in this context reflects on the international organizations

Employment Law for Business Today and Tomorrow Research Paper

Employment Law for Business Today and Tomorrow - Research Paper Example The employment laws came into being as a result of the untiring struggle of laborers for the better working conditions, wages and their right to raise through trade unions and to present a charter of demands to the management when due. In order to strike a balance between the employers and the employees, the positive role of the trade union cannot be ignored. It is a matter of fact that without the cordial relationship between the employees and the employers, running the affairs of an organization smoothly is a big question mark (Deakin & Morris, 2005). The infrastructure of employment law around the globe is more or less the same in terms of rights and obligations of the employees and the employers. The rights and obligations of the employees and the employers are implemented through a contract of employment (Deakin & Morris, 2005). ...In many countries of the world, minimum wages of the employees are determined by their respective governments. We may cite here the example of Sweden where minimum wages are negotiated by the Collective Bargaining Agent on behalf of the employees with the management, keeping in mind the profitability of the organization/other factors. The CBA strives hard for a better deal for the benefits of workers (Deakin & Morris, 2005). Here we can mention the minimum wage laws that were introduced in different countries seriatim: USA (1938); Brazil (1940);Â  India (1948); France (1950) and last but not the least, UK (1998). Today 18 out of 25 members are part of the European Union where minimum wages for the workers are in vogue (Deakin & Morris, 2005). While looking back at the era of the Industrial Revolution, we observe that at that time workers were forced to work approximately up to 14 hours or even longer. Along with adult employment, children employment was also common with drastic features. In England, children had to work 8 hours a day in the textile factories. The Factory Act of 1802 and subsequent acts addressed the issues rela ted to children employment and the minimum working hours of an employee. According to the said act, the racial and sexual discrimination is unacceptable and considered illegal (Selwyn, 2008). The subsequent employment act, which came to surface in 1938, set a maximum of 44 hours and later on 40 hours a week. Even the immigrant workers are benefited from the mentioned act. There are areas where this act is not implemented. For instance, in the agricultural field, working hours can be spanned to 72 hours a week in the harvesting season.

Ipad Troubles In China Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Ipad Troubles In China - Article Example This paper will respond to issues raised against the operation of the company in China. Issues raised against the Apple Company include the following: excessive work by employees sometimes seven days in a week, long hours of standing without break, living in crowded dorm, improper disposal of the hazardous waste, disregard to employees’ health, hiring under age employees among other violations (Duhigg & Barboza 1). From the journal report, it is evident that the effort employed by Apple in changing the above conditions has failed to yield any formidable fruits. The journal indicates that despite the audits and recommendations by the Apple top executives supplies of the Apple products have been adamant in adhering to the recommendations or the provisions in the code of conduct. The persistence of the cases reported is an indication that the company does not have the goodwill to transform the working conditions. In my opinion, the provision in the code of conduct acts as a guide or a gauge, which measures the challenges in the factory outlets. However, failure to demonstrate appreciation after auditing recommendation is a show that the management of the Apple Company is responsible for the gross violation of the employees’ rights. Ideally, the management should monitor and control conditions within which its employees carry out their activities. Apple Company has responded to the problems reported by taking the following measures. First, the company has engaged in conducting audits in its factory outlets. These audits are very critical in assessing the conditions within these factories. However, it has emerged from the audits that the company has not been able to respond swiftly in line with the provisions in bits code of conduct. For instance, the company insists that when one of its factory outlets violates the code especially gross violations, it would terminate its operation. Ironically, the

Research Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Research Report - Essay Example findings of leading Canadian organization like Angus Reid Strategies poll, the total number of people supporting legalization of cannabis usage in Canada is much higher than the people who are opposing it. The research, which was mainly conduced among the Canadian adults, especially in the region of British Columbia, has found that, â€Å"65% favored legalizing marijuana as a means of reducing gang violence, while only 35% favored increasing marijuana trafficking penalties.† (Canada: Two-Thirds of British Columbia Voters Favor Legalizing Marijuana, Poll Finds†, 5th August, 2009) Gang violence and other forms of criminal activisms are major concerns both for Canadian administration as well as for common people. Due to this reason some people are of opinion that legalization of marijuana will reduce the youths from indulging into this kind of antisocial activities. On the other hand, others are of opinion that implementation of proper penalties is the only solution to solv e this problem. Legalization of marijuana will only worsen the whole situation. This article by Peter BeckI has also been written in support of marijuana legalization in Canada. Unlike Ian Welsh, the author has not gone into balancing his arguments between economic and socio-moral perspective. It seems that his entire interest lies in the fact that how Canada can become a more economically prosperous nation. As he has found that legalization of Cannabis will help Canadian economy substantially, he accordingly has come up with his logically correct arguments. Canada: Two-Thirds of British Columbia Voters Favor Legalizing Marijuana, Poll Finds. (2009). Drug War Chronicle, Issue #584. Retrieved on October 18, 2009, from http://stopthedrugwar.org/chronicle/584/british_columbia_marijuana_legalization_poll. This article provides us with quite recent and authentic information about recent Canadian condition on legalization of marijuana. We not only receive adequate information about reaction of

Business and Society. Business Ethics. Application of ethical theory Essay

Business and Society. Business Ethics. Application of ethical theory to a case study - Essay Example Moreover, the analysis will consider the ways in which this particular author might have handled the situation better as well as a final judgment over whether or not Tom ultimately did the ethical good or bad in the given situation. With regards to the stakeholders within this specific case that has been listed, there are three. Firstly, there is Tom, the graphic artist working on a tight deadline at the heart of the ethical conflict. Tom represents that only individual within the case, who is faced with an ethical dilemma. The second shareholder is that of Nina, the Internet blogger whose content was unwittingly downloaded and copied by Tom in an attempt to meet the deadline he had with the supermarket chain. Lastly, the supermarket chain itself represents the third and final shareholder within this particular ethical case. Naturally, with regards to this particular case, the key ethical consideration at hand is whether or not Tom has acted ethically with relation to borrowing Ninaà ¢â‚¬â„¢s content without permission and passing it off as his own in an effort to appease his distributor. The case is somewhat compounded and complicated by the fact that initially Tom wished to do the right thing and contacted Nina with regards to her permission to use aspects of her artwork in finalizing his own project. However, as the deadline loomed closer and closer and Tom did not have the wherewithal to finish the project under his own power, he was seemingly ‘forced’ to proceed on with Nina’s design without ever hearing back regarding her confirmation on his ability to borrow key aspects of her own ideas. The issue, therefore, extends well beyond legalities and whether or not Nina’s artwork exhibited on her blog was available to Tom under the fair use clause of the law; rather, ethically speaking, the question centres upon whether or not Tom had the ethical right to borrow Nina’s artwork without her confirmation, whether it was ethical of Tom to pass this artwork along unattributed, and the degree and extent to which he had a moral and ethical obligation to his employer to produce genuine and original work to fulfil the order (Cuilla 2011, p. 340). With regards to evaluating this case using two ethical theories that have thus far been discussed within the confines of this course, it is the belief of this student that the two ethical theories that best apply to the given case in point are those of the ethics of rights and postmodern ethics. With regards to the ethics of rights, one can see quite plainly and fairly readily that the ultimate issue at the heart of the matter is whether or not Tom has the right to the material that he has borrowed/stolen without the consent of the original artists. In this sense, the theory of rights denotes that the following questions must be answered if an ethical decision is to result: whose rights are at stake, what are the corresponding obligations, and how should these rights be ra nked? With regards to the first one, the right of Nina as well as the rights of the supermarket are at stake. The rights of Nina relate, of course, to her right as the original artist to be secure in the fact that no one else is duplicating or passing off their own work as hers.

Post Washington Consensus Consensus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Post Washington Consensus Consensus - Essay Example primary health care, primary education, and infrastructure ;tax reform (to lower marginal rates and broaden the tax base);Interest rate liberalization ;a competitive exchange rate ;trade liberalization ;liberalization of inflows of foreign direct investment ;privatization ;deregulation (to abolish barriers to entry and exit) and secure property rights. This privatization agenda in pursuit of globalization has come under criticism as (1) says," Some of the most vociferous of today's critics of what they call the Washington Consensus, most prominently Joe Stiglitz... do not object so much to the agenda laid out above as to the neoliberalism that they interpret the term as implying. I of course never intended my term to imply policies like capital account liberalization...monetarism, supply-side economics, or a minimal state (getting the state out of welfare provision and income redistribution), which I think of as the quintessentially neoliberal ideas". In development literature it is examined and accepted that The Washington consensus emerged out of a kind of counter reaction in development economics (3) to what has been termed as rather operationally successful neoliberal revolution against Keynesianism prescriptions of the 1970s.The Washington Consensus, materialized in large and specially built Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) suggested for a substantial portion of the developing countries in the ensuing years of 1980s and 1990s.It was the outcomes of these SAPs that were not along expected lines and which resulted in external criticism of The Washington Consensus itself. Joseph Stiglitz a World Bank Economist was the most prominent insider to offer criticism of the neoliberalism inherent in The Washington Consensus and the body of criticism is now termed as post Washington consensus consensus (4) in the sense that it agrees on drawbacks and weak points of the consensus. This paper examines the critical body of arguments posed in this new consensus. 2.Post Washington Consensus Consensus (5) exemplify in detail the various outcomes of the SAPs, based on The Washington Consensus, which not fell short of mark in their prime objective of achieving economic growth through market deregulation but also created other weak spots.Amin states that SAPs resulted in ," a sharp increase in unemployment, a fall in the remuneration of work, an increase in food dependency, a grave deterioration of the environment, a deterioration in healthcare systems, a fall in admissions to educational institutions, a decline in the productive capacity of many nations, the sabotage of democratic systems, and the continued growth of external debt. "This made Stiglitz look out for an intellectual alternative t economic growth model. An alternative which was not based on sole emphasis on deregulations of all categories of markets to attain economic growth targets. Stiglitz writes about 'a new paradigm for economic development' (6).This idea of anew consensus arrived from Stiglitz when global development financial institutions had undergone a major policy shift after having witnessed the Asian crisis and analyzed its reasons that were traced to deregulated

Encounter point Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Encounter point - Movie Review Example ed activities that occur behind the scenes, from regular citizens, to improve social and political relationships between Palestinian and Israeli peoples. There is no real effort to show that one side or the other is more dedicated toward peace or that one particular political side is more aggressive in continuing violence. The film, instead, attempts to simply show the frustrations and social anxieties that come from ongoing war and how they impact thoughts, emotions and the family structure; not to mention community relationships. There is one scene in the movie where there are members of both the Palestinian group and the Israeli culture that are working together in what is referred to as the Bereaved Families’ Forum which attempts to group these people together to discuss different misunderstandings and open positive dialogue between both political groups. It shows how similar both groups are in relation to their desires to achieve peace and avoid ongoing violence that continues to disrupt positive relationships. â€Å"Encounter Point† is a hopeful film that shows that many of the problems between these two groups come from simple misunderstandings and that there are members of both groups that are ready to pave the way toward peace. The film attempts to give a symmetrical view of the importance and needs of both political parties, therefore the interests of both are represented sufficiently throughout the film. One of the main advantages of this film is that is does not involve political parties and their own high-level interests, instead it shows the plight of this conflict from the viewpoint of those most affected by it: the regular community citizen. The filmmakers decided â€Å""politicians come and go but whats happening on the street is whats most important." (Freeman, 2010, p.1). This film recognises that showing political viewpoints would give this film an unbalanced view and would be more of a political documentary than a piece of sociology work that

Dramatic irony Essay Example for Free

Dramatic irony Essay The Inspector makes Mrs Birling expand on what should be done to the boy and Mrs Birling not realising what has happened by linking together the parts carries on, the Inspector asks, So hes the chief culprit anyhow? and Mrs Birling replies, Certainly. And he ought to be dealt with very severely-. It is now, if the audience hadnt already worked it out from when Mrs Birling about the father being a drunk, her realising from others Erics a drunk, and the Inspector wanting Eric to stay so he could see him later, that we realise from Sheilas dramatic Mother-stop-stop! Erics the father. It is such a dramatic moment, there is suspense and tension; it shocks the audience and yet Mr and Mrs Birling still dont see Eric as the father and tell Sheila to be quiet. Mrs Birling doesnt stop, shes already spoken about how the father should be made an example of and she on basically saying what should be done to her son, make sure hes compelled to confess in public his responsibility. The Inspector too confirms what she has said asks again if she is sure that that should happen, she agrees, it is then she realises, the penny drops, its Eric. Shes shocked. Mrs Birling has, in other words, told the Inspector that her son is responsible, should be made an of and confess in public without even knowing it. She has convicted her own son. This is dramatic irony as we, the audience have realised it was Eric and shes carried on sentencing him. She has matters worse, which she will eventually regret. This is such a dramatic part of the play, she has condemned her own son to the blame and also without realising killed her own grandchild I dont believe it. I wont believe it.- She will believe it. The next dramatic moment is shorter in length but still or even more, dramatic. This is the moment at the end when the Inspector has left and everyone is left questioning what has happened.  After the Inspector has left the family start blaming one another for the girls death. It is after this that Sheila, first of all and then the others question the Inspectors existence Its queer-very queer-. When Sheila says this Mrs Birling seems to understand what Sheilas thinking I know what your going to say. Because Ive been wondering myself, to which Sheila replies, It doesnt matter now, of course-but was he really a police inspector? Sheila and Eric dont think it matters but Mr and Mrs Birling clearly think it does, Well, if he wasnt, it matters a devil of a lot. Its clear that the younger generation, Sheila and Eric, have very different views form that of their parents. Sheila and Eric do not feel that it matters if the Inspector wasnt a police inspector, its what they have all done that is the important part, theyve killed a woman, He was our Inspector alright.-Eric. Gerald then returns and tells them that he has found out that the Inspector was not a real police inspector. Although they had their doubts this puzzles everyone. Gerald then has idea that all that had happened wasnt to the same girl. To confirm his thoughts he rings up the infirmary and asks if there is anyone who has committed suicide by drinking disinfectant. There is no girl. Everyone apart from Sheila and Eric are relieved and act if nothing has happened, Sheila and Eric question the way they behaved but Mr and Mrs Birling and Gerald dont care. Just when they are trying to forget, the phone rings. The drama starts when Gerald rings the Infirmary. There is a tense wait for us to know whether there is a girl, to which all this happened to, or if the things Mr and Mrs Birling, Sheila, Gerald and Eric did was all to one girl. The characters actions add to the tension we sustain, for example Birling wiping his brow, Sheila shivering and Eric clasping and un-clasping his hands, showing their nerves. No girl has died in there today. Nobodys been brought in after drinking disinfectant. They havent had a suicide for months. We are lulled into believing it is over; that the suspense has ended and there is nothing more to happen. Mr and Mrs Birding and Gerald are relieved but it is only Sheila and Eric that keep in consideration what they have done and actually seriously think about what has happened, Sheila But youre forgetting one thing I still cant forget. Everything we said had happened really had happened. If it didnt end tragically, then thats lucky for us. But it might have done. This just shows the difference of the natures of the characters. Sheila shows herself as being concerned and truly sorry for what she has done, as well as Eric. However, Gerald, Mr Birling and Mrs Birling show the totally opposite view on what has happened, they come across as selfish, cruel and arrogant people from the way they behave. An example of this is when Mr Birling says, The whole story was a lot of moonshine. Nothing but an elaborate sell! Sheila says how disgusted she is with their behaviour, Mr and Mrs Birling and Gerald carrying on not caring. Gerald tries to get Sheila back into thinking of the wedding Everything all right now Sheila. What about the ring. This is a prime example of Geralds attitude towards what has happened. Sheila-No, not yet. Its too soon. I must think. Mr Birling then says something very ironic. After all that he and his wife, the older generation, have done and the way they have acted towards this situation (terribly), he turns round and comments on the younger generation, who are clearly more sensible, caring and altogether better, and says Now look at the pair of them-the famous younger generation who know it all. And cant even take a joke. This is in response to Sheila saying no to Gerald, it is very ironic. It is now that it happens, the most dramatic part of the play. The Phone rings. It rings sharply, immediately we think the worst, is it? Has a girl been found in the same situation as Eva Smith? The actions of the characters, their moment of complete silence is very tense. Mr B. answers the phone; he talks slowly dragging the moment on. His actions are slow intensifying; he slowly puts down the phone. He looks in a panic stricken fashion at the others. The audience knows what is about to come but are still waiting for it to be confirmed. Mr Birling confirms our thoughts; a police inspector is on his way as a girl has just died after swallowing some disinfectant. This ending is very, very powerful. It changes the nature of the play as it becomes a mystery-who was the inspector? It becomes cyclical and therefore spiritual-how many more times will it happen? Will it start again when the inspector arrives?  An Inspector Calls with its dramatic moments is a very powerful play. It has skilful climaxes and wonderful twists to the plot. It is a very enjoyable play that always keeps you on edge.

Tim OBrien’s The Things They Carried Paper Essay Example for Free

Tim OBrien’s The Things They Carried Paper Essay Introduction The Things They Carried by Tim OBrien is replete with several themes in the story but this paper will tackle the particular â€Å"things† that O’Brien’s characters carry, whether literal or figurative. As one reads through the novel, the reader sees the different emotional load that each of the character carries and which become hindrances to the way they behave in battle and even after they go back to their own homes. Theme In particular, this paper looks into the theme of mental luggage that each man brings into the war, whether they are objects or beliefs, which basically hinder them from functioning effectively in battle. III. Characters’ Burdens and Anxieties   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Starting off with Henry Dobbins, who may be just a minor character who even exhibits a kind and gentle spirit, yet is found to be superstitious as he carries his girlfriend’s pantyhose around his neck. This can be funny as one reads it first, but there is this firm belief on his part that this practice will protect him wherever he goes. The pantyhose, thus, becomes a thing that literally is carried by Dobbins all throughout the novel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One main character that ends up tragically because of the emotional burdens that he carries is Norman Bowker. He is portrayed as a quiet soldier, keeping things to himself, aggravated when Kiowa dies, prompting him to return to his hometown aloof and restless. He puts up a front, as if nothing is wrong with him, but this is where he succumbs in the end. His only alternative to unburden himself is when he is able to tell his story, even asking Tim to write his story for him the travails of his life at war. Yet, when the story ends up unsuccessful, Bowker finds no meaning in life at all and eventually kills himself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another character who carries a burden is Jimmy Cross. This time is starts with a mental burden of thinking about Martha, a girl he loves deeply back in New Jersey. Martha does not return this love at all, yet Cross carries this to war and because of the distraction that this entails, he is not able to save a man who died. Thinking that it was because his mind was preoccupied with the thought of Martha, Cross never forgives himself because of this incident and how irresponsible he is to his men. He tries to come to terms with Ted Lavender’s death and seemed forever burdened with this even if he was no longer fighting in the war. He also literally carries compasses and maps during the war. Effect of Emotional Burdens   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The author demonstrates how silently carrying one’s burdens like painful memories can hinder one from enjoying life to the fullest. Cross’ character is shown to even suspect that the â€Å"Love† signed at the end of Martha’s letters is just a figure of speech. Lavender’s death is imprinted in Cross’ mind and heart and this is aggravated again by the fact that Cross discovers that in reality, Martha never really cared for him at all.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Even Ted Lavender carries his anxieties with him in war as he smokes marijuana and takes tranquilizers. In fact, the men in this war carry their anxieties and fear with them, just repressing them because they are in battle. But the preoccupations of their minds and hearts are sometimes even bigger than the battle at hand. In sum, these soldiers have a difficult time in telling their experiences and the repression of their experiences are carried long after the war has been fought. The tragedies and horrors of the war are carried back to their own homes, leaving them distraught all the more. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Indeed, the story emphasizes the havoc that war brings after they go into battle. These men â€Å"carry† emotional burdens that continue long after they go back to their own homes after the war. The conflicts in their minds continuously eat away on their victims’ minds for the rest of their lives. Work Cited OBrien, Tim. The Things They Carried. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1990

Case Study of Probation and Risk Management

Case Study of Probation and Risk Management Introduction The report is being completed to ensure the offender in question will cause no harm to himself or the community. Mr Jones will be released in 6 months after serving the minimum term required. Currently awaiting help from staff involved with the Through the Gate (TTG) programme (Ministry of Justice, 2014) to help with the transition, this will be his first point of contact once released. As the offence carried out by Mr Jones incorporated a violent act the HCR-20 will be used. This tool is appropriate for the offence committed by Mr Jones as the HCR-20 is designed specifically for violent offending and is a psychological decision-making tool, used throughout forensic settings (Douglas, Hart, Webster, Belfrage, Guy, Vilson, 2014). He was sentenced for causing Grievous Bodily Harm (GBH) to his neighbour and has prior motive for the use of GBH when he attacked his girlfriend, he received a community order for said offence. HCR-20 v3 H1: Presence=Yes, Relevance=High Mr. Jones first expressed violence towards a family pet at the age of 13. There is a link between childhood animal cruelty and offending (Holoyda Newman, 2016; Plant, Van Schaik, Gullone and Flynn, 2016). He often threw items around the house when angry and he was often suspended from school due to fighting. H2: Presence=Yes, Relevance=High As a young child, he was involved in antisocial behaviours that affected both his education and his home life, at 9 years old he was often out to all hours. Antisocial behaviours occur if the prosocial skills are not met and those who suffer with childhood antisocial behaviour are more likely as an adult to offend (Robins, 1978; Patterson, Debaryshe, Ramsey, 1990). H3: Presence=Yes, Relevance=High Although non-intimate relationships were bad, intimate relationships were a serious problem for Mr Jones, he had a difficult relationship with his father who abused him. Childhood maltreatment is associated with anti-social personality disorder and abused children are more at risk of violent offending (Dargis, Newman Koegnis, 2015; Wright, Turanovic, ONeil, Morse Booth, 2016). H4: Presence=Yes, Relevance=Low In terms of his employment, Mr Jones lost an apprenticeship opportunity when he was 16 and before his sentence he was unable to hold down a job. An increase in violence post-childhood sees only 14.3% employed full-time (Cauffman, Fine, Thoman Monahan, 2017) and intentional injury to a partner was also associated with intermittent employment (Kyriacou, Anglin, Tallaferro, Stone, Tubb, Lindenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦1999). H5: Presence=Yes, Relevance=Medium Mr Jones suffered with alcoholism and drug problems, mainly cannabis and amphetamines. Those who experienced trauma are more likely to use marijuana which is linked to the levels of violence used (Burjaski, McDaniel, Lewis, Leen-Feldner Feldner, 2016). H6: Presence=Possibly, Relevance=Medium There is a possibility that Mr Jones suffers from a mood disorder due to his sudden outbursts and change in mood, he explained how he could feel happy one minute and angry the next. H7: Presence-Omit, Relevance=Omit In regards to personality disorder Mr Jones is being referred for an assessment for anti-social personality disorder. Mr Jones experienced severe impulsivity in terms of his emotions which lead to anger which is mainly associated with personality disorders (Howard, 2016). H8: Presence=Yes, Relevance=Medium As a child, Mr Jones mentioned how his father assaulted both his mother, siblings and himself. When discussing this, he appeared very agitated and detached from the situation. As a child, having witnessed parental violence was linked with adult violence and drug or alcohol abuse, as well as the likelihood of using assaultive methods (Straus, 1991). H9: Presence=Yes, Relevance=High Mr Jones attitude towards his own personal violence does not leave much to be desired. He constantly blames others for his own violent outbursts and when he acknowledges these he condones his behaviour with some form of rationale. H10: Presence=Yes, Relevance=Low He attended substance misuse groups but unfortunately still felt he would continue using drugs and held this negative attitude throughout the session. Based on drug and alcohol screening, Mr Jones had neither in his body at the time of the offence. OC-H: Presence=Yes, Relevance=Medium His education could play a role in his offending and anti-socialness as he never succeeded academically. The negative experience at school could lead to violent behaviours (Smith, Park, Ireland, Elwyn Thornberry, 2012). C1: Presence=Yes, Relevance=High Mr Jones insight is poor regarding his offence, drug abuse as well as the possibility of having a mental illness. Regarding the assessment of mental illness Mr Jones voices his opinion relating to the matter. He believes that he does not suffer from a mental condition. Evidence regarding his behaviour states otherwise as for those who use substances and have a mental illness (dual diagnosis), violence is more common (Guebert Oliver, 2014). C2: Presence=No, Relevance=Medium His intent to commit a violent act is low, he has explained how he wants to start afresh, with a new job and someday with a wife and children. The planning for a job when released should have already been started to help him gain employment (Houses of commons work and pensions committee, 2017), once a job has been obtained Mr Jones can start looking to the future. The cause of his violent outbursts is due to the anger he feels, he has mentioned he often feels angry, leading to violence. C3: Presence=Possibly, Relevance=Medium Based on what he has described regarding his feelings and emotions there is a potentiality for a mood disorder of some form. An assessment on mood disorder is required with regards to both major mental and psychotic disorders. Anger links with unipolar depression and is mostly associated with major depressive episodes (Judd, Schettler, Coryell, Aklskal, Fledorowicz, 2013). C4: Presence=Yes, Relevance=High Both mood and behaviour are an issue for Mr Jones and his mood fluctuates from day to day. Struggles with emotions and anger is associated with offending (Harrison,2012). C5: Presence=Yes, Relevance=Low Mr Jones has attended substance misuse groups but his attitude was poor. He seemed to not benefit from these at all with no attitude change to drugs which increases the risk of reoffending (Milkman Wanberg, 2012). OC-C: Presence=Yes, Relevance=High Mr Jones holds grudges against those who annoy him, his assault on his neighbour is a good indication of this. Fantasising is clinically linked with those who hold grudges and these elaborations can help strengthen the emotional well-being on that individual (Hollin, 2005). R1: Presence=Yes, Relevance=Low Regarding alcohol and drug focus groups Mr Jones has no problem with attending these but he does not find them useful, he still has the same belief. Regarding the offence neither of these substances are related. R2: Presence=Possibly, Relevance=Low Based on his intimate and non-intimate relations, Mr Jones may find it hard to find suitable accommodation, it is important he is helped when released as 55% of those with accommodation problems reoffend within one year (May, Sharma Stewart, 2008). R3: Presence=Possibly, Relevance=High His family relationships, friendships and intimate relationships all appear to be unstable. Theres constant rows between Mr Jones and members of his family or friends affecting his mental health and anger. R4: Presence=Yes, Relevance=Low Mr Jones will experience problems with receiving help in the future, attendance is superb but his learning and listening is appalling. R5: Presence=Possibly, Relevance=Medium Its established that Mr Jones certainly struggles with coping more so than stress. His coping strategy is his anger and he uses this to deal with an event (Daffern, Jones Shine, 2010). Formulation of Violence Risk The 3 Ps model will be used to gain a better understanding of the factors associated with his offence. The 3 Ps stand for: problematic, persistent and pervasive. This report shall focus on the main issues that Mr Jones experiences and relate it to the model (NOMS, NHS, 2015). Problematic These factors are classified as abnormal and cause difficulties both for Mr Jones and family or friends. To begin with the main factor that fits this title is his mental health and substance abuse. Mr Jones has not yet been assessed for both a mental health disorder or personality disorder. However, the use of cannabis is linked with an increased risk of a depressive disorder (Lev-Ran, Roarecke, Le Fol George, 2013) . With relation to the assessment of personality disorder, anger is a common theme with people who experience antisocial personality disorder (Genovese, Dalrymple, Chelminski Zimmerman, 2017; Howard, 2016) hence the need for the assessments. Persistent These are factors that were present in their adolescent years and have moved forwards with them into their adult life. For Mr Jones, there was previous use of violence in his teenage years which has now progressed into his adulthood. The risk of violence could be linked to the experience he had as a child at the hands of his father; ultimately impacting on the relationships he had with others. His first offence involved him attacking his girlfriend, he was found guilty of causing harm and the role of unemployment could explain the attack (Kyriacou et al, 1999). The behavioural perspective of offending suggests that a violent behaviour is learnt through witnessing it and then imitating the behaviour (Nietzel, Hasemann Lynam, 1999). This affected his relationships as violence would be viewed as acceptable. Widom (1989) discovered that those who were physically abused used violence the most in adulthood. It is highly possible that due to the trauma experienced, not only did he learn to act this way but it was the only way he could cope (Day, Davey, Wanaganeen, Howells, De Santolo Nakata, 2008). Pervasive The final of the 3 Ps looks at impairment within social and personal areas of their lives. The education that Mr Jones received was inadequate and could explain why he struggles in social situations. Mr Jones education was considerably lacking in the help he required, he was often violent and suspended from school. The teachers showed little to no interest in him and when they did it was only to tell him off. According to Arum and Beattie (1999) lack of education is an indicator for illegal behaviours and lack of respect to authority. His education is an explanation for why he was antisocial (Walsh, 2007) and explains why he failed to hold down a job. It appears based on the evidence obtained that the main cause of Mr Jones violent behaviour is the abuse he suffered as a child. It also points to severe mental health problems which in turn could have developed long after the abuse had diminished. In regards to psychological theory, attachment theory plays a major role. Mr Jones has the inability to establish attachments with people more so as his abuser was his parent. When an attachment is effected; the individual involved becomes detached. There is a strong link between insecure attachments and mental health issues (Macinnes, Macphearson, Austin Schwannauer, 2016). Mr Jones social and emotional development as a child was damaged by the trauma due to its nature. The damage inflicted on his emotional development impacted on his ability to feel remorseful and regarding his social development, made it difficult for him to establish secure relationships (Folger, Putnam, Putnam, Peugh, EIsmann, Saà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦2016). Mr Jones risk would be considered moderate, although he struggles with feeling remorse; he has made it abundantly clear that he wants help to change and to make himself a better person. He has openly admitted about his anger issues, his fluctuation in mood and how this effects his life. Mr Jones wants to be able to live a normal life with a secure job and intimate relationships. Self-determination theory relates to this situation as Mr Jones is aware that if he gets the help needed the reward gained is being able to have a job and a family. The outcome would be different if he believed that the reward obtained was not relating to the activity (treatment) he needed to partake in. If the reward gained correlates directly with the activity then this positively affects his motivation for change (Deci, 2012). Future Violence As Mr Jones, has been convicted of completing two acts of Grievous Bodily Harm (GBH) it is likely the next offence would be severe and it would be about 6-12 months before he committed a violent attack based on his previous history. The victims would be people he knows (family, friends, partners), there seems to be no evidence of randomized acts against people unknown to him so the public would be of no concern. The motivation for future attacks would be dependent on his emotional state at the time of the incident. It may happen purely out of anger or it could be because an act is ongoing, such as the previous incident with his neighbour. The severity of the incident would be again dependent on his emotional state and whether he is intoxicated with alcohol, drugs or both. It could cause lasting psychological and physical damage to the victim especially if they were not expecting it, if Mr Jones was provoked then the attack could be foreseen by the individual(s). Although Mr Jones certainly has anger issues, there appears to be no clear relation to a life-threatening incident. If this was the case, Mr Jones would have already acted upon his frustration and aggression. In respect to his violent outbursts there are certain things that can be looked for. If Mr Jones appears tense, frustrated/angry or provoked then these would be the typical indications of a violent attack. In the case of Mr Jones, violence is likely to occur no more than once a year, which could be altered with the correct treatment. However, it is not time limited due to his emotional instability, as his moods are constantly up and down it would be difficult to put a time predictor on his violent behaviour. Risk Management Plan Mr Jones should be monitored both whilst he is still in prison and once released. Regular appointments should be made with both a probation officer and his appointed Psychologist. He should be reassessed if his anger results in a fight or major dispute with either prisoners on his wing or staff. Once released Mr Jones should be monitored via the use of electronic systems. He could be fitted with a TAG to ensure he meets a curfew and the conditions of his release or GPS tracking could be used. Research into the use of electronic monitoring has been completed throughout the world. The most recent study by Lima Machado, De Sousa, De Oliveria Alberquerque, Garcia Villalba Kim (2017) discovered that the results of an algorithm could be applied to supporting risk assessment in relation to monitoring of re-offending. They looked at the offenders social stance to see if any crimes were being committed or planned. With regards to the use of the electronic tag it was found to be cost-effectiv e as it was cheaper than keeping the offender in prison. The results suggested that those who received the electronic tag were no more likely to offend then those who did not receive it (Marie, Moreton Goncalves, 2011). Weekly check ins with his probation officer should be arranged to ensure he is still on track regarding his release order. The events that should be looked for after release relate to arguments with family/friends or known associates (neighbours) and his levels of anger when present at his check ins. Mr Jones level of anger appears to be the main concern regarding the treatment required. There are several offender behaviour programmes (OBP) that might be useful. To begin with he should attend the CALM programme. This looks at his anger problems, teaching him to manage it and control it so it does not become a problem for him in the future (HMPS, 2017). It is mainly suitable for those where anger played a role in their offence (Canter, 2013) and involves attending 24 sessions lasting two hours and often having to attend two sessions a week. To ensure Mr Jones is making progress regular reports will be made throughout the programme and involves asking questions at the start and end of the programme to see if there have been any alterations (*What is Calm?*, 2010). Once the CALM programme has been completed, it is important that his violent behaviour is tackled. Although he has expressed that he uses drugs and alcohol they played no role in his offence and so are not a priority currently. The RESOLVE programme would work with Mr Jones and uses cognitive-behavioural interventions which aim to reduce the risk of violence, to prevent him from causing serious harm in the future (HMPS, 2017). It involves attending 21 weekly group centred sessions as well as four one-to-one sessions to track progress (RESOLVE what is RESOLVE, 2014). The amount of people who needed this form of treatment increased to 1683 in the year 2014/2015 this increase meant for a more structured approach to resources for treating violence (HM Government, 2014). The OSAP programme should also be completed to help him with his drug and alcohol problems. It mainly focuses on changing attitudes towards drug/alcohol abuse to prevent reoffending. In past treatments Mr Jones behaviour towards interventions has been a problem. A study conducted by Collins, Cuddy Martin (2016) discovered that drug treatment programmes in the UK are both cost-effective and beneficial for the drug users in terms of reducing their reoffending rate and their drug intake. Those who are not involved with a substance misuse program are more likely to reoffend (Needham, Gummerum, Mandeville-Norden, Rakestrow-Dickens, Mewse, Barnes, Hanoch, 2015). The program involves 2 sessions each week for 26 sessions overall it will help with social skills, how to avoid those involved in drug/alcohol use and planning for the future (*What is OSAP?, * 2010). Mr Jones should be supervised and attend regular meetings with his probation officer as well as meet up with someone from the TTG programme. If he feels an issue is arising, then he should contact his probation officer immediately so the situation can be assessed. His probation officer and the staff involved with the TTG programme should be his first points of contact when he feels concerned about his behaviour. There is evidence that suggests that attending probation can positively affect the offenders likelihood of not reoffending (King, 2013). The protection of potential victims is vital, as Mr Jones offense involved a next-door neighbour; he should receive help with finding housing preferably in a quiet neighbourhood where he would experience no problems from his neighbours. Other considerations include the safety of Mr Jones, after being in prison, on the outside there are potential dangers for the ex-offender. These included drug dealers and angered family members or friends. Every week Mr Jones should check-in with both his TTG mentor and probation officer, they should attempt to make Mr Jones open up emotionally. The help set up for Mr Jones decreases the likelihood of harm. He needs to focus primarily on his anger management, substance misuse as well as his use of violence. Based on the evidence put forward the chance of future violence is quite low if he attends the treatment programmes and meetings with his probation officer. If he stops attending, this should be viewed as a sign of re-offending. The next review date should be 9 months after release to ensure progress is being made. Word count: 3209; excluding references and appendices. References Arum, R., Beattie, I. R. (1999). High School Experience and The Risk of Adult Incarceration. Criminology, 37(3). Bujarski, S. J., McDaniel, C. E., Lewis, S. F., Leen-Feldner, E. W., Feldner, M. T. (2016). Past-month marijuana use is associated with self-reported violence among trauma-exposed adolescents. Journal of Child Adolescent Substance Abuse, 26(2), 111-118. doi:10.1080/1067828x.2016.1222980 Canter, D. (2013). Criminal psychology: Topics in applied psychology. (2nd Ed.). Routledge. Cauffman, E., Fine, A., Thomas, A. G., Monahan, K. C. (2017). Trajectories of violent behavior among females and males. Child Development, 88(1), 41-54. doi:10.1111/cdev.12678 Clamp, K. (2016). Restorative justice in transitional settings. (1st Ed.). Routledge. Collins, B. J., Cuddy, K., Martin, A. P. (2016). Assessing the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of drug intervention programs: UK case study. Journal of Addictive Diseases. doi:10.1080/10550887.2016.1182299 Daffern, M., Jones, L., Shine, J. (2010). Offence paralleling behaviour: A case formulation approach to offender assessment and intervention. (1st Ed.). John Wiley Sons. Dargis, M., Newman, J., Koenigs, M. (2015). Clarifying the link between childhood abuse history and psychopathic traits in adult criminal offenders. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment. doi:10.1037/per0000147 Day, A., Davey, L., Wanganeen, R., Howells, K., De Santolo, J., Nakata, M. (2008). 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Childhood animal cruelty, bestiality, and the link to adult interpersonal violence. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 47, 129-135. doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2016.02.017 Howard, R. C. (2016). The Link between Early Adolescent Alcohol Abuse and Adult Antisocial Behaviour: A Hypothesis Revisited. SOJ Psychology, 3(1), 1-6. Judd, L. L., Schettler, P. J., Coryell, W., Akiskal, H. S., Fiedorowicz, J. G. (2013). Overt irritability/anger in Unipolar Major Depressive episodes. JAMA Psychiatry, 70(11), 1171. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.1957 King, S. (2013). Assisted desistance and experiences of probation supervision. Probation Journal, 60(2), 136-151. doi:10.1177/0264550513478320 Kyriacou, D. N., Anglin, D., Taliaferro, E., Stone, S., Tubb, T., Linden, J. A., à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Kraus, J. F. (1999). Risk factors for injury to women from domestic violence. New England Journal of Medicine, 341(25), 1892-1898. doi:10.1056/nejm199912163412505 Lev-Ran, S., Roerecke, M., Le Foll, B., George, T. P., McKenzie, K., Rehm, J. (2013). The association between cannabis use and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Medicine, 44(04), 797-810. doi:10.1017/s0033291713001438 Lima Machado, P., de Sousa, R., de Oliveira Albuquerque, R., Garcà ­a Villalba, L., Kim, T.-H. (2017). Detection of electronic Anklet Wearers groupings throughout Telematics monitoring. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 6(1), 31. doi:10.3390/ijgi6010031 Macinnes, M., Macpherson, G., Austin, J., Schwannauer, M. (2016). Examining the effect of childhood trauma on psychological distress, risk of violence and engagement, in forensic mental health. Psychiatry Research, 246, 314-320. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.09.054 Marie, O., Moreton, K., Goncalves, M. (2011). The effect of early release of prisoners on home detention curfew (HDC) on recidivism. May, C., Sharma, N., Stewart, D. (2008). 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The cycle of violence revisited: Childhood Victimization, resilience, and future violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. doi:10.1177/0886260516651090. Appendix A Questions H1- Violence: Do you have any form of control over your violent outbursts? H2- Anti-social behaviour: How does taking drugs make you feel? Is there a reason for taking the drugs? H3- Relationships: You say you want a family, how do you plan on reaching this goal? H4- Employment- Previously you have had problems with employment, would you accept help to find a job and remain in it? H5- Links to H2 H6- Mental disorder: anger seems to be a real problem; do you feel that your state of mood controls you? H7- Personality disorder: Could you come to terms with being diagnosed with a PD and how would you cope? H8- Trauma: The experience you had with your father must impact on your life, do you think this is the case and how do you think you would overcome this? H9- Violent attitudes: The attitude you had towards violence is that you condone the use of it, would there be a time when you would not be violent? H10- Treatment: There seems to be a problem with treatment even though you attend, why might that be? OC-H- Education: Could your education explain why you behave as you do and why you use drugs, if not what do you think the cause is? C1- Insight: How do you think others would view you in terms of your risk? C2- Ideation: is violence thought about or do you lose control? Would you intentionally harm someone? C4- Instability: Does your mood cause a serious problem? C5- Treatment: Although you attend your responsiveness is lacking is this because you are not in control? OC-C- Grudges: Is holding grudges an issue? Is this why you lash out? R2 3- Living/support: When released from prison will your living situation be sorted or do you need help? How is your personal support in terms of family and friends? R5- Coping: At times everyone feels stress, however, coping seems to be a struggle, is violence your idea of coping?